在Spring @ContextConfiguration中加載位置的順序

Question

我將以下配置用於數據庫集成測試：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:spring/spring-master.xml"})
@TransactionConfiguration(transactionManager = "transactionManager", defaultRollback = false)
@Transactional()
public class EmployeeAccessPropertyTest {

spring-master.xml按以下順序加載spring配置文件：

<import resource="classpath:spring/db/dev-datasource-config.xml"/>
<import resource="classpath:spring/db/jpa-config.xml"/>
<import resource="classpath:spring/db/transaction-config.xml"/>
<import resource="classpath:spring/db/component-config.xml"/>

dev-datasource-config.xml定義dataSource並通過liquibase初始化數據庫方案：

<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db/config/dev-data-access.properties"/>
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
    <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
    <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
    <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
    <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
</bean>
<bean id="liquibase" class="liquibase.integration.spring.SpringLiquibase">
    <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
    <property name="changeLog" value="classpath:db/changelog/db.changelog-master.xml" />
    <property name="dropFirst" value="true" />
</bean>

現在，當我運行測試時，出現以下錯誤：

javax.persistence.PersistenceException: [PersistenceUnit: studentPersistenceUnit] Unable to build EntityManagerFactory
...
Caused by: org.hibernate.HibernateException: Missing table: employees

似乎在初始化entityManagerFactory時未創建表（在jpa-config.xml文件中）。 好的，我首先通過liquibase maven插件生成方案：

mvn initialize liquibase:update

注釋通過Spring上下文生成的以下數據庫方案：

<!--<bean id="liquibase" class="liquibase.integration.spring.SpringLiquibase">-->
    <!--<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />-->
    <!--<property name="changeLog" value="classpath:db/changelog/db.changelog-master.xml" />-->
    <!--<property name="dropFirst" value="true" />-->
<!--</bean>-->

問題解決了。 我該怎么做才能確保Spring首先加載dev-datasource-config.xml，初始化liquibase bean，然后再加載jpa-config.xml，如下所示：

<bean id="entityManagerFactory"
      class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean"
      p:dataSource-ref="dataSource"/>

Answer 1

使用spring手冊中所述的'depends-on'屬性：

http://static.springsource.org/spring/docs/3.2.x/spring-framework-reference/html/beans.html#beans-factory-dependson

例如

<bean id="beanOne" class="ExampleBean" depends-on="manager"/>

<bean id="manager" class="ManagerBean" />