為什么這個pygame代碼會滯后？

Question

我正在嘗試編寫這個簡單的pygame pong游戲。 我尚未完成，但是我的代碼有很多滯后，我不知道為什么。 當球從球拍上彈起時，就會出現延遲，這似乎是意外的速度爆發。 看到這種情況的最好方法是運行代碼：

import pygame, sys
import time
from pygame.locals import *

pygame.init()
fpsClock=pygame.time.Clock()
screen= pygame.display.set_mode((640,480))
pygame.display.set_caption('Test')
fontobj= pygame.font.Font('LCD_Solid.ttf',50)
mousex,mousey=0,0
x_1=15
x_2=600 #these varaibles (x_1, x_2) are different, but they are constants-- they will never change; think jon, the paddle will not move from left to right
y=0 #the y variable changes, but for this test it will be the same for both paddles bc they are moving in unisen.
x_ball=320
y_ball=240
direction=""
def draw_stuff (y):
        msg=str(x_ball)
        global x_ball,y_ball,direction
        textobj=fontobj.render(msg, False , pygame.Color('green'))
        screen.blit(textobj,(160,5))
        screen.blit(textobj,(480,5))
        pygame.draw.line(screen,pygame.Color('grey'),(320,0), (320,480), 4)
        pygame.draw.line(screen,pygame.Color('grey'),(0,3), (640,3), 10)
        pygame.draw.line(screen,pygame.Color('grey'),(0,475), (640,475), 10)
        pygame.draw.rect(screen, pygame.Color('grey'),(x_1,y,30,192))
        pygame.draw.rect(screen, pygame.Color('grey'),(x_2,y,30,192))
        if x_ball==60 or x_ball==570:
            print "we have reached the side",fpsClock.get_fps()
            if ball_hit(y,x_ball,y_ball):
                topl,middlel,bottoml=loc_of_ball_hitl(y,x_ball,y_ball)
                topr,middler,bottomr=loc_of_ball_hitr(y,x_ball,y_ball)
                if topl:
                    direction="upleft"
                elif middlel:
                    direction='midleft'
                elif bottoml:
                    direction='downleft'
                elif topr:
                    direction="upright"
                elif middler:
                    direction="midright"
                elif bottomr:
                    direction="downright"
                else:
                    direction=""
        if not direction:
            print "we have ",fpsClock.get_fps()
            x_ball+=2
        elif direction=="upleft":
            x_ball+=2
            y_ball-=2
        elif direction=="midleft":
            x_ball+=2
        elif direction=="downleft":
            x_ball+=2
            y_ball+=2
        elif direction=="upright":
            x_ball-=2
            y_ball-=2
        elif direction=="midright":
            x_ball-=2
        elif direction=="downright":
            x_ball-=2
            y_ball+=2
        ball(x_ball,y_ball)



def ball(x,y):
    pygame.draw.circle(screen, pygame.Color('red'), (x,y), 15, 0)
    pygame.display.update()
def ball_hit(y,ball_x,ball_y):
    if ball_x==60 and ball_y>=y and ball_y<y+192 or ball_x==570 and ball_y>=y and ball_y<y+192:
        return True
    return False
def loc_of_ball_hitl(y,ball_x,ball_y):
   middle=False
   top=False
   bottom=False
   if ball_x==60 and ball_y>=y+64 and ball_y<y+128:
        middle=True
   elif ball_x==60 and ball_y>=y and ball_y<y+64:
        top=True
   elif ball_x==60 and ball_y>=y+128 and ball_y<y+192:
        bottom=True
   return top, middle, bottom
def loc_of_ball_hitr(y,ball_x,ball_y):
   middle=False
   top=False
   bottom=False
   if ball_x==570 and ball_y>=y+64 and ball_y<y+128:
        middle=True
   elif ball_x==570 and ball_y>=y and ball_y<y+64:
        top=True
   elif ball_x==570 and ball_y>=y+128 and ball_y<y+192:
        bottom=True
   return top, middle, bottom
while True:
    screen.fill(pygame.Color('black'))
    if mousey>y:
        draw_stuff(y)
        y+=2
    if mousey<y:
        draw_stuff(y)
        y-=2
    if mousey==y:
        draw_stuff(y)
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type==QUIT:
            pygame.quit()
            sys.exit()
        elif event.type== MOUSEMOTION:
            mousex,mousey=event.pos
    pygame.display.update()
    fpsClock.tick(200)

Answer 1

四個主要錯誤：

• 您的球以2個像素的速度垂直和水平移動（ x+=2分別為y+=2 ）。 但是，如果您的球垂直移動（讓x+=2和y+=2 ），那么球的實際速度不是2，而是sqrt(2**2 + 2**2) = 2.828 。

  因此，要進行對角線運動之類的操作，您可以移動以創建運動矢量，對其進行歸一化，然后對其施加速度（通過乘法）。

• 通過Font渲染文本是非常昂貴的操作。 您應該緩存新創建的曲面，這樣就不必一次又一次地渲染相同的文本。 如果您使用大量文本，這將大大提高性能。

• 每個循環可以多次調用draw_stuff 。

• 200 FPS是很高的方法。 嘗試更低的速度，例如60 FPS

修正了這些問題的完整代碼（我的更改在###注釋下方）：

import pygame, sys
import time
from pygame.locals import *

import math

### some simple vector helper functions, stolen from http://stackoverflow.com/a/4114962/142637
def magnitude(v):
    return math.sqrt(sum(v[i]*v[i] for i in range(len(v))))

def add(u, v):
    return [ u[i]+v[i] for i in range(len(u)) ]

def sub(u, v):
    return [ u[i]-v[i] for i in range(len(u)) ]    

def dot(u, v):
    return sum(u[i]*v[i] for i in range(len(u)))

def normalize(v):
    vmag = magnitude(v)
    return [ v[i]/vmag  for i in range(len(v)) ]

pygame.init()
fpsClock=pygame.time.Clock()
screen= pygame.display.set_mode((640,480))
pygame.display.set_caption('Test')
fontobj= pygame.font.SysFont('Arial',50)
mousex,mousey=0,0
x_1=15
x_2=600 #these varaibles (x_1, x_2) are different, but they are constants-- they will never change; think jon, the paddle will not move from left to right
y=0 #the y variable changes, but for this test it will be the same for both paddles bc they are moving in unisen.
x_ball=320
y_ball=240
direction=""

### the speed of the ball and the paddles
speed = 5

### a cache for font objects
cache={}
def get_msg(msg):
    if not msg in cache:
      cache[msg] = fontobj.render(msg, False , pygame.Color('green'))
    return cache[msg]

def draw_stuff (y):
        msg=str(x_ball)
        global x_ball,y_ball,direction

        ### get the font surface from the cache
        textobj=get_msg(msg)
        screen.blit(textobj,(160,5))
        screen.blit(textobj,(480,5))
        pygame.draw.line(screen,pygame.Color('grey'),(320,0), (320,480), 4)
        pygame.draw.line(screen,pygame.Color('grey'),(0,3), (640,3), 10)
        pygame.draw.line(screen,pygame.Color('grey'),(0,475), (640,475), 10)
        pygame.draw.rect(screen, pygame.Color('grey'),(x_1,y,30,192))
        pygame.draw.rect(screen, pygame.Color('grey'),(x_2,y,30,192))
        if x_ball==60 or x_ball==570:
            print "we have reached the side",fpsClock.get_fps()
            if ball_hit(y,x_ball,y_ball):
                topl,middlel,bottoml=loc_of_ball_hitl(y,x_ball,y_ball)
                topr,middler,bottomr=loc_of_ball_hitr(y,x_ball,y_ball)
                if topl:
                    direction="upleft"
                elif middlel:
                    direction='midleft'
                elif bottoml:
                    direction='downleft'
                elif topr:
                    direction="upright"
                elif middler:
                    direction="midright"
                elif bottomr:
                    direction="downright"
                else:
                    direction=""

        ### create a vector
        move = (0, 0)
        if not direction:
            print "we have ",fpsClock.get_fps()
            move = (1, 0)
        elif direction=="upleft":
            move = (1, -1)
        elif direction=="midleft":
            move = (1, 0)
        elif direction=="downleft":
            move = (1, 1)
        elif direction=="upright":
            move = (-1, -1)
        elif direction=="midright":
            move = (-1, 0)
        elif direction=="downright":
            move = (-1, 1)
        ### normalize it and apply the speed
        move = [int(c * speed) for c in normalize(move)]
        ### update ball position with movement vector
        x_ball, y_ball = x_ball + move[0], y_ball + move[1]
        ball(x_ball, y_ball)

def ball(x,y):
    pygame.draw.circle(screen, pygame.Color('red'), (x,y), 15, 0)
    pygame.display.update()
def ball_hit(y,ball_x,ball_y):
    if ball_x==60 and ball_y>=y and ball_y<y+192 or ball_x==570 and ball_y>=y and ball_y<y+192:
        return True
    return False
def loc_of_ball_hitl(y,ball_x,ball_y):
   middle=False
   top=False
   bottom=False
   if ball_x==60 and ball_y>=y+64 and ball_y<y+128:
        middle=True
   elif ball_x==60 and ball_y>=y and ball_y<y+64:
        top=True
   elif ball_x==60 and ball_y>=y+128 and ball_y<y+192:
        bottom=True
   return top, middle, bottom
def loc_of_ball_hitr(y,ball_x,ball_y):
   middle=False
   top=False
   bottom=False
   if ball_x==570 and ball_y>=y+64 and ball_y<y+128:
        middle=True
   elif ball_x==570 and ball_y>=y and ball_y<y+64:
        top=True
   elif ball_x==570 and ball_y>=y+128 and ball_y<y+192:
        bottom=True
   return top, middle, bottom
while True:
    screen.fill(pygame.Color('black'))
    if mousey>y:
        y+=speed
    if mousey<y:
        y-=speed

    ### call draw_stuff only once
    draw_stuff(y)
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type==QUIT:
            pygame.quit()
            sys.exit()
        elif event.type== MOUSEMOTION:
            mousex,mousey=event.pos
    pygame.display.update()
    ### realistic framerate
    fpsClock.tick(60)

請注意，還可以進行其他一些改進，但這可以解決您的問題。