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生產者 - Java中的消費者多線程

[英]producer - consumer multithreading in Java

我想在Java中使用多線程等待和通知方法編寫程序。
該程序有一個堆棧(max-length = 5)。 生產者永遠生成數字並將其放入堆棧中,消費者從堆棧中選擇它。

當堆棧已滿時,生產者必須等待,當堆棧為空時,消費者必須等待。
問題是它只運行一次,我的意思是一旦它產生5個數字就會停止,但是我將run方法放入while(true)塊以運行不間斷但不會。
這是我到目前為止所嘗試的。
制片人類:

package trail;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Stack;

public class Thread1 implements Runnable {
    int result;
    Random rand = new Random();
    Stack<Integer> A = new Stack<>();

    public Thread1(Stack<Integer> A) {
        this.A = A;
    }

    public synchronized void produce()
    {
        while (A.size() >= 5) {
            System.out.println("List is Full");
            try {
                wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        result = rand.nextInt(10);

        System.out.println(result + " produced ");
        A.push(result);
        System.out.println(A);

        this.notify();
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("Producer get started");

        try {
            Thread.sleep(10);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        while (true) {
            produce();
            try {
                Thread.sleep(100);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

和消費者:

package trail;

import java.util.Stack;

public class Thread2 implements Runnable {
    Stack<Integer> A = new Stack<>();

    public Thread2(Stack<Integer> A) {
        this.A = A;
    }

    public synchronized void consume() {
        while (A.isEmpty()) {
            System.err.println("List is empty" + A + A.size());
            try {
                wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        System.err.println(A.pop() + " Consumed " + A);
        this.notify();
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("New consumer get started");
        try {
            Thread.sleep(10);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        while (true) {
            consume();
        }
    }
}

這是主要方法:

public static void main(String[] args) {

        Stack<Integer> stack = new Stack<>();

        Thread1 thread1 = new Thread1(stack);// p
        Thread2 thread2 = new Thread2(stack);// c
        Thread A = new Thread(thread1);
        Thread B = new Thread(thread2);
        Thread C = new Thread(thread2);
        A.start();

        B.start();
        C.start();     
    }

您應該在堆棧上進行同步而不是將其放在方法級別嘗試此代碼。

也不要在你的線程類中初始化堆棧,無論你是在主類的構造函數中傳遞它們,所以不需要那樣做。

總是盡量避免使用synchronized關鍵字標記任何方法而不是嘗試將關鍵的代碼段放在synchronized塊中,因為同步區域的大小越大,它將對性能產生影響。

因此,始終只將該代碼放入需要線程安全的同步塊中。

制片人代碼:

public void produce() {
    synchronized (A) {
        while (A.size() >= 5) {
            System.out.println("List is Full");
            try {
                A.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        result = rand.nextInt(10);

        System.out.println(result + " produced ");
        A.push(result);
        System.out.println("stack ---"+A);

        A.notifyAll();
    }
}

消費者代碼:

public void consume() {
    synchronized (A) {
        while (A.isEmpty()) {
            System.err.println("List is empty" + A + A.size());
            try {
                System.err.println("wait");
                A.wait();

            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        System.err.println(A.pop() + " Consumed " + A);
        A.notifyAll();
    }
}

您的使用者和您的生產者在不同的對象上同步,並且不會相互阻塞。 如果這樣可行,我敢說這是偶然的。

閱讀java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueuejava.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue 這些為您提供了更現代,更簡單的方式來實現此模式。

http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/util/concurrent/BlockingQueue.html

我認為如果你試圖分離目前混合的三件事情,那么理解和處理同步會更好:

  1. 將要完成實際工作的任務。 對於類名稱Thread1Thread2是誤導性的。 它們不是Thread對象,但它們實際上是實現您為Thread對象提供的Runnable接口的作業或任務。

  2. 您在main中創建的線程對象本身

  3. 共享對象,它封裝了隊列,堆棧等上的同步操作/邏輯。此對象將在任務之間共享。 在這個共享對象中,您將負責添加/刪除操作(使用synchronized塊或同步方法)。 當前(正如已經指出的那樣),同步是在任務本身上完成的(即每個任務等待並通知其自身鎖定並且沒有任何反應)。 當你分開關注點,即讓一個班級做一件事情時,最終會清楚問題出在哪里。

試試這個:

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class CircularArrayQueue<T> {

    private volatile Lock rwLock = new ReentrantLock();
    private volatile Condition emptyCond = rwLock.newCondition();
    private volatile Condition fullCond = rwLock.newCondition();

    private final int size;

    private final Object[] buffer;
    private volatile int front;
    private volatile int rare;

    /**
     * @param size
     */
    public CircularArrayQueue(int size) {
        this.size = size;
        this.buffer = new Object[size];
        this.front = -1;
        this.rare = -1;
    }

    public boolean isEmpty(){
        return front == -1;
    }

    public boolean isFull(){
        return (front == 0 && rare == size-1) || (front == rare + 1);
    }

    public void enqueue(T item){
        try {
            // get a write lock
            rwLock.lock();
            // if the Q is full, wait the write lock
            if(isFull())
                fullCond.await();

            if(rare == -1){
                rare = 0;
                front = 0;
            } else if(rare == size - 1){
                rare = 0;
            } else {
                rare ++;
            }

            buffer[rare] = item;
            //System.out.println("Added\t: " + item);

            // notify the reader
            emptyCond.signal();
        } catch(InterruptedException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            // unlock the write lock
            rwLock.unlock();
        }

    }

    public T dequeue(){
        T item = null;
        try{
            // get the read lock
            rwLock.lock();
            // if the Q is empty, wait the read lock
            if(isEmpty())
                emptyCond.await();

            item = (T)buffer[front];
            //System.out.println("Deleted\t: " + item);
            if(front == rare){
                front = rare = -1;
            } else if(front == size - 1){
                front = 0;
            } else {
                front ++;
            }

            // notify the writer
            fullCond.signal();

        } catch (InterruptedException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally{
            // unlock read lock
            rwLock.unlock();
        }
        return item;
    }
}

您可以使用Java的awesome java.util.concurrent包及其類。

您可以使用BlockingQueue輕松實現生產者消費者問題。 BlockingQueue已經支持在檢索元素時等待隊列變為非空的操作,並且在存儲元素時等待隊列中的空間可用。

如果沒有BlockingQueue ,每次我們將數據放入生產者端的隊列時,我們需要檢查隊列是否已滿,如果已滿,請等待一段時間,再次檢查並繼續。 同樣在消費者方面,我們必須檢查隊列是否為空,如果為空,則等待一段時間,再次檢查並繼續。 但是對於BlockingQueue我們不必編寫任何額外的邏輯,只需添加Producer中的數據並從Consumer中輪詢數據。

閱讀更多來自:

http://javawithswaranga.blogspot.in/2012/05/solving-producer-consumer-problem-in.html

http://www.javajee.com/producer-consumer-problem-in-java-using-blockingqueue

使用BlockingQueue,LinkedBlockingQueue這非常簡單。 http://developer.android.com/reference/java/util/concurrent/BlockingQueue.html

package javaapplication;

import java.util.Stack;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;

public class ProducerConsumer {

    public static Object lock = new Object();
    public static Stack stack = new Stack();

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Thread producer = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            int i = 0;

            @Override
            public void run() {
                do {
                    synchronized (lock) {

                        while (stack.size() >= 5) {
                            try {
                                lock.wait();
                            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            }
                        }
                        stack.push(++i);
                        if (stack.size() >= 5) {
                            System.out.println("Released lock by producer");
                            lock.notify();
                        }
                    }
                } while (true);

            }

        });

        Thread consumer = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                do {
                    synchronized (lock) {
                        while (stack.empty()) {
                            try {
                                lock.wait();
                            } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
                                Logger.getLogger(ProdCons1.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
                            }
                        }

                        while(!stack.isEmpty()){
                            System.out.println("stack : " + stack.pop());
                        }

                        lock.notifyAll();
                    }
                } while (true);
            }
        });

        producer.start();

        consumer.start();

    }

}

看看這個代碼示例:

import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.Random;

public class ProducerConsumerMulti {
    public static void main(String args[]){
        BlockingQueue<Integer> sharedQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<Integer>();

        Thread prodThread  = new Thread(new Producer(sharedQueue,1));
        Thread consThread1 = new Thread(new Consumer(sharedQueue,1));
        Thread consThread2 = new Thread(new Consumer(sharedQueue,2));

        prodThread.start();
        consThread1.start();
        consThread2.start();
    } 
}
class Producer implements Runnable {
    private final BlockingQueue<Integer> sharedQueue;
    private int threadNo;
    private Random rng;
    public Producer(BlockingQueue<Integer> sharedQueue,int threadNo) {
        this.threadNo = threadNo;
        this.sharedQueue = sharedQueue;
        this.rng = new Random();
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while(true){
            try {
                int number = rng.nextInt(100);
                System.out.println("Produced:" + number + ":by thread:"+ threadNo);
                sharedQueue.put(number);
                Thread.sleep(100);
            } catch (Exception err) {
                err.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

class Consumer implements Runnable{
    private final BlockingQueue<Integer> sharedQueue;
    private int threadNo;
    public Consumer (BlockingQueue<Integer> sharedQueue,int threadNo) {
        this.sharedQueue = sharedQueue;
        this.threadNo = threadNo;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while(true){
            try {
                int num = sharedQueue.take();
                System.out.println("Consumed: "+ num + ":by thread:"+threadNo);
                Thread.sleep(100);
            } catch (Exception err) {
               err.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }   
}

筆記:

  1. 根據您的問題陳述啟動了一個Producer和兩個Consumers
  2. Producer將在無限循環中產生0到100之間的隨機數
  3. Consumer將在無限循環中消耗這些數字
  4. ProducerConsumer共享鎖定免費和線程安全LinkedBlockingQueue是線程安全的。 如果使用這些高級並發結構,則可以刪除wait()和notify()方法。

好像你跳過了關於wait()notify()synchronized 看到這個例子 ,它應該對你有幫助。

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