如何在UNIX中更改.csv文件中的日期格式

Question

我想將日期格式更改為2013-08-01 ，文件中的當前格式為8/10/13 ，文件包含數千條記錄，我也有大量文件。

請就此提出建議，如何轉換。

+abcd 2013^8/1/13^Bing^Milwaukee_abcd High Volume^Abcd^izvd4PZo^^Wisconsin^Chicago^http://ad.abcd.net/clk;256581924;80198650;s;u=ms&sv1=izvd4PZo&sv2={AdId}&sv3=3392oik17016&sv4={keyword}&sv5={matchtype};?http://www.chicago.buyacar.com/specials?srchid=|Milwaukee_cdhdf+High+Volume|_%2Berhefn_2013^Broad^5^1^1.47^
 +sjhrejk models^8/1/13^Bing^Milwaukee_shdh High Volume^fhekj^9NT23JfC^^Wisconsin^Chicago^http://ad.fhd.net/clk;256581924;80198650;s;u=ms&sv1=9NT23JfC&sv2={AdId}&sv3=3392oik17016&sv4={keyword}&sv5={matchtype};?http://www.chicago.buyhfrkeu.com/specials?srchid=|Milwaukee_djkjfhkd+High+Volume|_%2Bdhk_models^Broad^14^4^5.58^
buy a +jkdsh^8/1/13^Bing^Milwaukee_kjfheu High Volume^jkdfhdj^T0ncFpv4^^Wisconsin^Chicago^http://ad.jfd.net/clk;256581924;80198650;s;u=ms&sv1=T0ncFpv4&sv2={AdId}&sv3=3392oik17016&sv4={keyword}&sv5={matchtype};?http://www.chicago.buyfjj.com/specials?srchid=|Milwaukee_jefrhjd+High+Volume|buy_a_%2Bfhd^Broad^15^1^2.44^

謝謝 ！！

Answer 1

您可以使用-d替換日期，以傳遞當前格式，並使用"+..."指示新的日期：

$ date -d"8/10/13" "+%Y-%m-%d"
2013-08-10

要使用此格式更新文件上的所有內容，請繼續閱讀各行，獲取以下類型的字段並設置其格式：

while IFS= read -r line
do
  mydate=$(grep -Po '[0-9]+/[0-9]+/[0-9]+' <<< "$line") # gets 8/1/13
  # perform the replacement in case there is date to process
  if [[ ! -z "$mydate" ]]; then
     newdate=$(date -d"$mydate" "+%Y-%m-%d") # converts to 2013-08-01
     sed -i "s#$mydate#$newdate#" file       # replaces in the text (-i option)
  fi
done < file

根據您的輸入輸出：

+abcd 2013^2013-08-01^Bing^Milwaukee_abcd High Volume^Abcd^izvd4PZo^^Wisconsin^Chicago^http://ad.abcd.net/clk;256581924;80198650;s;u=ms&sv1=izvd4PZo&sv2={AdId}&sv3=3392oik17016&sv4={keyword}&sv5={matchtype};?http://www.chicago.buyacar.com/specials?srchid=|Milwaukee_cdhdf+High+Volume|_%2Berhefn_2013^Broad^5^1^1.47^
 +sjhrejk models^2013-08-01^Bing^Milwaukee_shdh High Volume^fhekj^9NT23JfC^^Wisconsin^Chicago^http://ad.fhd.net/clk;256581924;80198650;s;u=ms&sv1=9NT23JfC&sv2={AdId}&sv3=3392oik17016&sv4={keyword}&sv5={matchtype};?http://www.chicago.buyhfrkeu.com/specials?srchid=|Milwaukee_djkjfhkd+High+Volume|_%2Bdhk_models^Broad^14^4^5.58^
buy a +jkdsh^2013-08-01^Bing^Milwaukee_kjfheu High Volume^jkdfhdj^T0ncFpv4^^Wisconsin^Chicago^http://ad.jfd.net/clk;256581924;80198650;s;u=ms&sv1=T0ncFpv4&sv2={AdId}&sv3=3392oik17016&sv4={keyword}&sv5={matchtype};?http://www.chicago.buyfjj.com/specials?srchid=|Milwaukee_jefrhjd+High+Volume|buy_a_%2Bfhd^Broad^15^1^2.44^

Answer 2

這是我的解決方案。

#!/bin/bash
IFS='^'
while read -ra LINE; do
    LINE[1]=$(exec date -d "${LINE[1]}" '+%F')
    echo "${LINE[*]}"
done

將其保存到文件並運行bash script.sh < your_file > output 。

輸出示例：

+abcd 2013^2013-08-01^Bing^Milwaukee_abcd High Volume^Abcd^izvd4PZo^^Wisconsin^Chicago^http://ad.abcd.net/clk;256581924;80198650;s;u=ms&sv1=izvd4PZo&sv2={AdId}&sv3=3392oik17016&sv4={keyword}&sv5={matchtype};?http://www.chicago.buyacar.com/specials?srchid=|Milwaukee_cdhdf+High+Volume|_%2Berhefn_2013^Broad^5^1^1.47
 +sjhrejk models^2013-08-01^Bing^Milwaukee_shdh High Volume^fhekj^9NT23JfC^^Wisconsin^Chicago^http://ad.fhd.net/clk;256581924;80198650;s;u=ms&sv1=9NT23JfC&sv2={AdId}&sv3=3392oik17016&sv4={keyword}&sv5={matchtype};?http://www.chicago.buyhfrkeu.com/specials?srchid=|Milwaukee_djkjfhkd+High+Volume|_%2Bdhk_models^Broad^14^4^5.58
buy a +jkdsh^2013-08-01^Bing^Milwaukee_kjfheu High Volume^jkdfhdj^T0ncFpv4^^Wisconsin^Chicago^http://ad.jfd.net/clk;256581924;80198650;s;u=ms&sv1=T0ncFpv4&sv2={AdId}&sv3=3392oik17016&sv4={keyword}&sv5={matchtype};?http://www.chicago.buyfjj.com/specials?srchid=|Milwaukee_jefrhjd+High+Volume|buy_a_%2Bfhd^Broad^15^1^2.44

另一種形式（確保行以^結尾）：

#!/bin/bash
IFS='^'
while read -r LINE; do
    read -ra TOKENS <<< "$LINE"
    TOKENS[1]=$(exec date -d "${TOKENS[1]}" '+%F')
    if [[ $LINE == *^ ]]; then
        echo "${TOKENS[*]}^"
    else
        echo "${TOKENS[*]}"
    fi
done

輸出：

+abcd 2013^2013-08-01^Bing^Milwaukee_abcd High Volume^Abcd^izvd4PZo^^Wisconsin^Chicago^http://ad.abcd.net/clk;256581924;80198650;s;u=ms&sv1=izvd4PZo&sv2={AdId}&sv3=3392oik17016&sv4={keyword}&sv5={matchtype};?http://www.chicago.buyacar.com/specials?srchid=|Milwaukee_cdhdf+High+Volume|_%2Berhefn_2013^Broad^5^1^1.47^
 +sjhrejk models^2013-08-01^Bing^Milwaukee_shdh High Volume^fhekj^9NT23JfC^^Wisconsin^Chicago^http://ad.fhd.net/clk;256581924;80198650;s;u=ms&sv1=9NT23JfC&sv2={AdId}&sv3=3392oik17016&sv4={keyword}&sv5={matchtype};?http://www.chicago.buyhfrkeu.com/specials?srchid=|Milwaukee_djkjfhkd+High+Volume|_%2Bdhk_models^Broad^14^4^5.58^
buy a +jkdsh^2013-08-01^Bing^Milwaukee_kjfheu High Volume^jkdfhdj^T0ncFpv4^^Wisconsin^Chicago^http://ad.jfd.net/clk;256581924;80198650;s;u=ms&sv1=T0ncFpv4&sv2={AdId}&sv3=3392oik17016&sv4={keyword}&sv5={matchtype};?http://www.chicago.buyfjj.com/specials?srchid=|Milwaukee_jefrhjd+High+Volume|buy_a_%2Bfhd^Broad^15^1^2.44^