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實現用於查找路徑的遞歸函數的問題

[英]Issue with implementing recursive function for finding paths

我正在嘗試打印從A站到L站的地鐵系統中的所有可能路徑。換句話說,目標是找到一個人可以通過多少條路線來通過地鐵系統而無需越過軌道不止一次。 我知道有640條可能的路徑,因為我之前在C中使用鄰接矩陣編寫了此程序。 現在,我嘗試編寫相同的程序,除了在C ++中使用類而不使用鄰接矩陣。

我遇到的問題是我似乎無法正確實現我的遞歸函數SearchRoute,因為我需要打印路徑,標記路徑,然后再次取消標記路徑以允許回溯。 當我打印出最終結果時,我只會看到從A到B的音軌,這顯然意味着有些錯誤。

這就是我認為的問題:我知道在SubwaySystem :: SearchRoute函數中使用了if and else語句,該語句顯然不允許調用遞歸函數,但是我嘗試放置另一個if語句而不是else,但是我我不太確定情況會怎樣。

void SubwaySystem::SearchRoute(int Current_Station_ID)
{
    while(Current_Station_ID < 33)
    {
        cout << "In while loop\n";
        // \\ Checking progress
        if(Current_Station_ID == 0)  //Find a successful route to Station L
        {
            count_routes++; //Add 1 into the variable “count_routes”
            cout << "In if statement\n";
            // \\Checking progress
            cout << count_routes << " " << my_track[Current_Station_ID] << endl; //Print out this route
            return;
        }
        else //Get into recursive Function Body
        {
            for(int i = my_station[Current_Station_ID].track_starting_ID; i < my_station[Current_Station_ID].track_starting_ID + my_station[Current_Station_ID].track_size; i++)
            {
                if(my_track[Current_Station_ID].visited == 0)  //if this track is not visited before
                {
                    cout << "In recursive part of function\n";
                    // \\ Checking progress
                    my_track[Current_Station_ID].visited = 1; //mark this track as visited
                    my_track[Current_Station_ID].node_2 = 1; //mark its corresponding track as visited
                    cout << my_track[Current_Station_ID] << endl; //save this track
                    SearchRoute(Current_Station_ID + 1); //Recursive
                    i--; //Backtrack this track
                    my_track[Current_Station_ID].visited = 0;//mark this track as unvisited
                    my_track[Current_Station_ID].node_2 = 0;//mark its corresponding track as unvisited
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

我也嘗試在打印語句的過程中跟蹤整個程序的進度。 由於上面指定的原因,我的遞歸函數從未被調用(至少這就是為什么我認為它不起作用的原因)。 由於某種原因,我無法弄清楚為什么多次調用默認和重載軌道構造函數的原因。

如果您能幫助我找出代碼中的問題區域/向我展示正確的方法,將不勝感激。 我厭倦了對此的思考。 提前致謝。

這是單個TU中程序的其余部分:

//Function Declarations
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

#ifndef SUBWAY_H
#define SUBWAY_H

class Track
{
public:
    //Default Constructor
    Track();

    //Overload Constructor
    Track(char, char);

    //Destructor
    ~Track();

    //Member variables
    char node_1;
    char node_2;
    bool visited;
};

class Station
{
public:
    //Default Constructor
    Station();

    //Destructor
    ~Station();

    //Overload Constructor
    Station(char, int, int);

    //Member variables
    char station_name;
    int track_starting_ID;
    int track_size;
};

class SubwaySystem
{
public:
    //Default Constructor
    SubwaySystem();

    //Destructor
    ~SubwaySystem();

    //Recursive function
    void SearchRoute(int);

    //Other member functions
    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Track& my_track);
    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Station& my_station);


    //Member variables
    Track my_track[34];
    Station my_station[12];

    int count_routes;
    int Current_Station_ID;

    //String to save found route
};

#endif

// **cpp**

//Function Definitions
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

//#include "subway.h"

using namespace std;

Track::Track()
{
    visited = 0;
    //cout << "Default Track has been called\n";
    //\\ Checking progress
}


Track::~Track()
{
}


Track::Track(char pass_track1, char pass_track2)
{
    node_1 = pass_track1;
    node_2 = pass_track2;
    visited = false;
    //cout << "Overload Track constructor has been called\n";
    // \\ Checking progress
}


Station::Station()
{
}


Station::~Station()
{
}


Station::Station(char pass_station_name, int pass_start, int pass_size)
{
    station_name = pass_station_name;
    track_starting_ID = pass_start;
    track_size = pass_size;
    //cout << "Overload station has been called\n";
    // \\ Checking progress
}


SubwaySystem::SubwaySystem()
{
    //Initialize tracks
    //node_1, node_2
    my_track[0] = Track('a', 'b');
    my_track[1] = Track('b', 'a');
    my_track[2] = Track('b', 'c');
    my_track[3] = Track('b', 'd');
    my_track[4] = Track('b', 'e');
    my_track[5] = Track('b', 'f');
    my_track[6] = Track('c', 'b');
    my_track[7] = Track('c', 'e');
    my_track[8] = Track('d', 'b');
    my_track[9] = Track('d', 'e');
    my_track[10] = Track('e', 'b');
    my_track[11] = Track('e', 'c');
    my_track[12] = Track('e', 'd');
    my_track[13] = Track('e', 'g');
    my_track[14] = Track('e', 'h');
    my_track[15] = Track('f', 'b');
    my_track[16] = Track('f', 'h');
    my_track[17] = Track('g', 'e');
    my_track[18] = Track('g', 'k');
    my_track[19] = Track('h', 'e');
    my_track[20] = Track('h', 'f');
    my_track[21] = Track('h', 'i');
    my_track[22] = Track('h', 'j');
    my_track[23] = Track('h', 'k');
    my_track[24] = Track('i', 'h');
    my_track[25] = Track('i', 'k');
    my_track[26] = Track('j', 'h');
    my_track[27] = Track('j', 'k');
    my_track[28] = Track('k', 'g');
    my_track[29] = Track('k', 'h');
    my_track[30] = Track('k', 'i');
    my_track[31] = Track('k', 'j');
    my_track[32] = Track('k', 'l');
    my_track[33] = Track('l', 'k');
    //Initialize stations
    //station_name, track_starting_ID, track_size
    my_station[0] = Station('a', 0, 1);
    my_station[1] = Station('b', 1, 5);
    my_station[2] = Station('c', 6, 2);
    my_station[3] = Station('d', 8, 2);
    my_station[4] = Station('e', 10, 5);
    my_station[5] = Station('f', 15, 2);
    my_station[6] = Station('g', 17, 2);
    my_station[7] = Station('h', 19, 5);
    my_station[8] = Station('i', 24, 2);
    my_station[9] = Station('j', 26, 2);
    my_station[10] = Station('k', 28, 5);
    my_station[11] = Station('l', 33, 1);
    //Initiaize other members
    count_routes = 0;
    Current_Station_ID = 0;
    //cout << "SubwaySystem constructor called\n";
    // \\ Checking progress
}


SubwaySystem::~SubwaySystem()
{
}

ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Track& my_track)
{
    os << my_track.node_1 << '.' << my_track.node_2;
    return os;
}

ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Station& my_station)
{
    os << my_station.station_name << '.' << my_station.track_starting_ID << '.' << my_station.track_size;
    return os;
}


//This is where the above recursive function SearchRoute goes. I posted it separately so it's easier to read.



// **main**

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

//#include "subway.h"

using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    SubwaySystem Test;
    Test.SearchRoute(0);
}

很抱歉,如果“檢查進度”打印語句使閱讀代碼更加困難。

您永遠不會輸入遞歸:

// this method is called with value 0
void SubwaySystem::SearchRoute(int Current_Station_ID)
{
    while(Current_Station_ID < 33)
    {
        cout << "In while loop\n";
        // \\ Checking progress
        if(Current_Station_ID == 0)  //Find a successful route to Station L
        {
            count_routes++; //Add 1 into the variable “count_routes”
            cout << "In if statement\n";
            // \\Checking progress
            cout << count_routes << " " << my_track[Current_Station_ID] << endl; //Print out this route
            return; // ERROR: here you return from the very 1st method call, breaking the search
        }

基本上,不用為您編寫代碼,我建議這樣做:

遞歸函數根本不應該包含while語句(遞歸函數的全部要點在於它本身就是一個while語句)。

遞歸函數中的第一件事應該是檢查站ID是否緊鄰“ L”站,或者是否已經采用了唯一的路徑。 如果相鄰,則可以返回從該電台到L的音軌。

如果沒有,則為所有尚未到達您的路徑的相鄰站點調用遞歸函數,並將它們的結果用作當時所在站點的計算的一部分。

要根據您的數據舉例說明:

  1. 首先使用“ a”作為參數調用該函數。
  2. 該函數首先檢查'a'是否具有指向'l'的路徑(它沒有,因此該函數不會返回)。
  3. 然后,該函數將對所有具有到當前站點“ a”的路徑的站點進行遞歸調用。 (僅“ b”)
  4. 從“ b”到“ l”仍然沒有直接的軌跡,因此這次函數繼續以“ a”,“ c”,“ d”,“ e”,“ f”調用自身。
  5. 從對帶有“ a”的函數的新調用中,第一次檢查發現到“ b”的唯一可用路由已經被采用,因此它應該返回否定響應並且不打印任何內容。
  6. 當使用工作站的函數調用發現其具有指向“ l”的直接路徑時,應打印(或存儲)該路徑段並返回true。
  7. 遞歸函數從其自己的遞歸調用中收集所有結果,並將路徑添加到這些工作站的結果。
  8. 確切的實現取決於程序所需的輸出。 如果需要打印所有路徑,則可以保留有效路徑列表,在出現新分支(一個以上連接的站)時添加路徑,並在從遞歸函數接收到負返回值時刪除路徑。 當最后一次通話返回時,您可以打印出收集的路徑。

這樣可以澄清事情嗎?

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