使用 Node.js 執行命令行二進制文件

Question

我正在將 CLI 庫從 Ruby 移植到 Node.js。 在我的代碼中，我會在必要時執行幾個第三方二進制文件。 我不確定如何最好地在 Node.js 中實現這一點。

這是我在 Ruby 中調用 PrinceXML 將文件轉換為 PDF 的示例：

cmd = system("prince -v builds/pdf/book.html -o builds/pdf/book.pdf")

Node 中的等效代碼是什么？

Answer 1

對於更新版本的 Node.js (v8.1.4)，事件和調用與舊版本相似或相同，但鼓勵使用標准的更新語言功能。 例子：

對於緩沖的、非流格式的輸出（您一次獲得所有內容），請使用child_process.exec ：

const { exec } = require('child_process');
exec('cat *.js bad_file | wc -l', (err, stdout, stderr) => {
  if (err) {
    // node couldn't execute the command
    return;
  }

  // the *entire* stdout and stderr (buffered)
  console.log(`stdout: ${stdout}`);
  console.log(`stderr: ${stderr}`);
});

您還可以將它與 Promise 一起使用：

const util = require('util');
const exec = util.promisify(require('child_process').exec);

async function ls() {
  const { stdout, stderr } = await exec('ls');
  console.log('stdout:', stdout);
  console.log('stderr:', stderr);
}
ls();

如果您希望以塊的形式逐漸接收數據（作為流輸出），請使用child_process.spawn ：

const { spawn } = require('child_process');
const child = spawn('ls', ['-lh', '/usr']);

// use child.stdout.setEncoding('utf8'); if you want text chunks
child.stdout.on('data', (chunk) => {
  // data from standard output is here as buffers
});

// since these are streams, you can pipe them elsewhere
child.stderr.pipe(dest);

child.on('close', (code) => {
  console.log(`child process exited with code ${code}`);
});

這兩個函數都有一個同步對應物。 child_process.execSync的示例：

const { execSync } = require('child_process');
// stderr is sent to stderr of parent process
// you can set options.stdio if you want it to go elsewhere
let stdout = execSync('ls');

以及child_process.spawnSync ：

const { spawnSync} = require('child_process');
const child = spawnSync('ls', ['-lh', '/usr']);

console.log('error', child.error);
console.log('stdout ', child.stdout);
console.log('stderr ', child.stderr);

---

注意：以下代碼仍然有效，但主要針對 ES5 及之前版本的用戶。

使用 Node.js 生成子進程的模塊在文檔(v5.0.0) 中有詳細記錄。 要執行命令並將其完整輸出作為緩沖區獲取，請使用child_process.exec ：

var exec = require('child_process').exec;
var cmd = 'prince -v builds/pdf/book.html -o builds/pdf/book.pdf';

exec(cmd, function(error, stdout, stderr) {
  // command output is in stdout
});

如果您需要child_process.spawn使用處理進程 I/O，例如當您需要大量輸出時，請使用child_process.spawn ：

var spawn = require('child_process').spawn;
var child = spawn('prince', [
  '-v', 'builds/pdf/book.html',
  '-o', 'builds/pdf/book.pdf'
]);

child.stdout.on('data', function(chunk) {
  // output will be here in chunks
});

// or if you want to send output elsewhere
child.stdout.pipe(dest);

如果您正在執行文件而不是命令，您可能需要使用child_process.execFile ，其參數幾乎與spawn相同，但有第四個回調參數，如exec用於檢索輸出緩沖區。 這可能看起來有點像這樣：

var execFile = require('child_process').execFile;
execFile(file, args, options, function(error, stdout, stderr) {
  // command output is in stdout
});

---

從v0.11.12 開始，Node 現在支持同步spawn和exec 。 上面描述的所有方法都是異步的，並且有一個同步對應的方法。 可以在此處找到它們的文檔。 雖然它們對腳本很有用，但請注意，與用於異步生成子進程的方法不同，同步方法不返回ChildProcess的實例。

Answer 2

Node JS v15.8.0 、LTS v14.15.4和v12.20.1 --- 2021 年 2 月

異步方法（Unix）：

'use strict';

const { spawn } = require( 'child_process' );
const ls = spawn( 'ls', [ '-lh', '/usr' ] );

ls.stdout.on( 'data', ( data ) => {
    console.log( `stdout: ${ data }` );
} );

ls.stderr.on( 'data', ( data ) => {
    console.log( `stderr: ${ data }` );
} );

ls.on( 'close', ( code ) => {
    console.log( `child process exited with code ${ code }` );
} );

異步方法（Windows）：

'use strict';

const { spawn } = require( 'child_process' );
// NOTE: Windows Users, this command appears to be differ for a few users.
// You can think of this as using Node to execute things in your Command Prompt.
// If `cmd` works there, it should work here.
// If you have an issue, try `dir`:
// const dir = spawn( 'dir', [ '.' ] );
const dir = spawn( 'cmd', [ '/c', 'dir' ] );

dir.stdout.on( 'data', ( data ) => console.log( `stdout: ${ data }` ) );
dir.stderr.on( 'data', ( data ) => console.log( `stderr: ${ data }` ) );
dir.on( 'close', ( code ) => console.log( `child process exited with code ${code}` ) );

同步：

'use strict';

const { spawnSync } = require( 'child_process' );
const ls = spawnSync( 'ls', [ '-lh', '/usr' ] );

console.log( `stderr: ${ ls.stderr.toString() }` );
console.log( `stdout: ${ ls.stdout.toString() }` );

來自Node.js v15.8.0 文檔

Node.js v14.15.4 文檔和Node.js v12.20.1 文檔也是如此

Answer 3

您正在尋找child_process.exec

這是示例：

const exec = require('child_process').exec;
const child = exec('cat *.js bad_file | wc -l',
    (error, stdout, stderr) => {
        console.log(`stdout: ${stdout}`);
        console.log(`stderr: ${stderr}`);
        if (error !== null) {
            console.log(`exec error: ${error}`);
        }
});

Answer 4

從版本 4 開始，最接近的替代方法是child_process.execSync 方法：

const {execSync} = require('child_process');

let output = execSync('prince -v builds/pdf/book.html -o builds/pdf/book.pdf');

⚠️ 注意execSync調用會阻塞事件循環。

Answer 5

const exec = require("child_process").exec
exec("ls", (error, stdout, stderr) => {
 //do whatever here
})

Answer 6

如果您想要與最佳答案非常相似但也是同步的東西，那么這將起作用。

var execSync = require('child_process').execSync;
var cmd = "echo 'hello world'";

var options = {
  encoding: 'utf8'
};

console.log(execSync(cmd, options));

Answer 7

現在您可以使用 shelljs（來自節點 v4），如下所示：

var shell = require('shelljs');

shell.echo('hello world');
shell.exec('node --version');

安裝

npm install shelljs

見https://github.com/shelljs/shelljs

Answer 8

我剛剛寫了一個 Cli 助手來輕松處理 Unix/windows。

Javascript：

define(["require", "exports"], function (require, exports) {
    /**
     * Helper to use the Command Line Interface (CLI) easily with both Windows and Unix environments.
     * Requires underscore or lodash as global through "_".
     */
    var Cli = (function () {
        function Cli() {}
            /**
             * Execute a CLI command.
             * Manage Windows and Unix environment and try to execute the command on both env if fails.
             * Order: Windows -> Unix.
             *
             * @param command                   Command to execute. ('grunt')
             * @param args                      Args of the command. ('watch')
             * @param callback                  Success.
             * @param callbackErrorWindows      Failure on Windows env.
             * @param callbackErrorUnix         Failure on Unix env.
             */
        Cli.execute = function (command, args, callback, callbackErrorWindows, callbackErrorUnix) {
            if (typeof args === "undefined") {
                args = [];
            }
            Cli.windows(command, args, callback, function () {
                callbackErrorWindows();

                try {
                    Cli.unix(command, args, callback, callbackErrorUnix);
                } catch (e) {
                    console.log('------------- Failed to perform the command: "' + command + '" on all environments. -------------');
                }
            });
        };

        /**
         * Execute a command on Windows environment.
         *
         * @param command       Command to execute. ('grunt')
         * @param args          Args of the command. ('watch')
         * @param callback      Success callback.
         * @param callbackError Failure callback.
         */
        Cli.windows = function (command, args, callback, callbackError) {
            if (typeof args === "undefined") {
                args = [];
            }
            try {
                Cli._execute(process.env.comspec, _.union(['/c', command], args));
                callback(command, args, 'Windows');
            } catch (e) {
                callbackError(command, args, 'Windows');
            }
        };

        /**
         * Execute a command on Unix environment.
         *
         * @param command       Command to execute. ('grunt')
         * @param args          Args of the command. ('watch')
         * @param callback      Success callback.
         * @param callbackError Failure callback.
         */
        Cli.unix = function (command, args, callback, callbackError) {
            if (typeof args === "undefined") {
                args = [];
            }
            try {
                Cli._execute(command, args);
                callback(command, args, 'Unix');
            } catch (e) {
                callbackError(command, args, 'Unix');
            }
        };

        /**
         * Execute a command no matters what's the environment.
         *
         * @param command   Command to execute. ('grunt')
         * @param args      Args of the command. ('watch')
         * @private
         */
        Cli._execute = function (command, args) {
            var spawn = require('child_process').spawn;
            var childProcess = spawn(command, args);

            childProcess.stdout.on("data", function (data) {
                console.log(data.toString());
            });

            childProcess.stderr.on("data", function (data) {
                console.error(data.toString());
            });
        };
        return Cli;
    })();
    exports.Cli = Cli;
});

打字稿原始源文件：

 /**
 * Helper to use the Command Line Interface (CLI) easily with both Windows and Unix environments.
 * Requires underscore or lodash as global through "_".
 */
export class Cli {

    /**
     * Execute a CLI command.
     * Manage Windows and Unix environment and try to execute the command on both env if fails.
     * Order: Windows -> Unix.
     *
     * @param command                   Command to execute. ('grunt')
     * @param args                      Args of the command. ('watch')
     * @param callback                  Success.
     * @param callbackErrorWindows      Failure on Windows env.
     * @param callbackErrorUnix         Failure on Unix env.
     */
    public static execute(command: string, args: string[] = [], callback ? : any, callbackErrorWindows ? : any, callbackErrorUnix ? : any) {
        Cli.windows(command, args, callback, function () {
            callbackErrorWindows();

            try {
                Cli.unix(command, args, callback, callbackErrorUnix);
            } catch (e) {
                console.log('------------- Failed to perform the command: "' + command + '" on all environments. -------------');
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * Execute a command on Windows environment.
     *
     * @param command       Command to execute. ('grunt')
     * @param args          Args of the command. ('watch')
     * @param callback      Success callback.
     * @param callbackError Failure callback.
     */
    public static windows(command: string, args: string[] = [], callback ? : any, callbackError ? : any) {
        try {
            Cli._execute(process.env.comspec, _.union(['/c', command], args));
            callback(command, args, 'Windows');
        } catch (e) {
            callbackError(command, args, 'Windows');
        }
    }

    /**
     * Execute a command on Unix environment.
     *
     * @param command       Command to execute. ('grunt')
     * @param args          Args of the command. ('watch')
     * @param callback      Success callback.
     * @param callbackError Failure callback.
     */
    public static unix(command: string, args: string[] = [], callback ? : any, callbackError ? : any) {
        try {
            Cli._execute(command, args);
            callback(command, args, 'Unix');
        } catch (e) {
            callbackError(command, args, 'Unix');
        }
    }

    /**
     * Execute a command no matters what's the environment.
     *
     * @param command   Command to execute. ('grunt')
     * @param args      Args of the command. ('watch')
     * @private
     */
    private static _execute(command, args) {
        var spawn = require('child_process').spawn;
        var childProcess = spawn(command, args);

        childProcess.stdout.on("data", function (data) {
            console.log(data.toString());
        });

        childProcess.stderr.on("data", function (data) {
            console.error(data.toString());
        });
    }
}

Example of use:

    Cli.execute(Grunt._command, args, function (command, args, env) {
        console.log('Grunt has been automatically executed. (' + env + ')');

    }, function (command, args, env) {
        console.error('------------- Windows "' + command + '" command failed, trying Unix... ---------------');

    }, function (command, args, env) {
        console.error('------------- Unix "' + command + '" command failed too. ---------------');
    });

Answer 9

使用這個輕量級的npm包： system-commands

看看這里。

像這樣導入：

const system = require('system-commands')

運行這樣的命令：

system('ls').then(output => {
    console.log(output)
}).catch(error => {
    console.error(error)
})

Answer 10

如果您不介意依賴並希望使用 Promise，則child-process-promise可以工作：

安裝

npm install child-process-promise --save

exec 用法

var exec = require('child-process-promise').exec;

exec('echo hello')
    .then(function (result) {
        var stdout = result.stdout;
        var stderr = result.stderr;
        console.log('stdout: ', stdout);
        console.log('stderr: ', stderr);
    })
    .catch(function (err) {
        console.error('ERROR: ', err);
    });

生成使用

var spawn = require('child-process-promise').spawn;

var promise = spawn('echo', ['hello']);

var childProcess = promise.childProcess;

console.log('[spawn] childProcess.pid: ', childProcess.pid);
childProcess.stdout.on('data', function (data) {
    console.log('[spawn] stdout: ', data.toString());
});
childProcess.stderr.on('data', function (data) {
    console.log('[spawn] stderr: ', data.toString());
});

promise.then(function () {
        console.log('[spawn] done!');
    })
    .catch(function (err) {
        console.error('[spawn] ERROR: ', err);
    });

Answer 11

@hexacyanide 的回答幾乎是完整的。 在Windows命令prince可能是prince.exe ， prince.cmd ， prince.bat或者只是prince （我不知道的寶石捆綁的方式，但NPM箱都配有SH腳本，批處理腳本- npm和npm.cmd ）。 如果您想編寫可在 Unix 和 Windows 上運行的可移植腳本，您必須生成正確的可執行文件。

這是一個簡單但便攜的 spawn 函數：

function spawn(cmd, args, opt) {
    var isWindows = /win/.test(process.platform);

    if ( isWindows ) {
        if ( !args ) args = [];
        args.unshift(cmd);
        args.unshift('/c');
        cmd = process.env.comspec;
    }

    return child_process.spawn(cmd, args, opt);
}

var cmd = spawn("prince", ["-v", "builds/pdf/book.html", "-o", "builds/pdf/book.pdf"])

// Use these props to get execution results:
// cmd.stdin;
// cmd.stdout;
// cmd.stderr;