Jena的OWLMicroReasoner中對owl：hasValue和owl：oneOf支持的區別？
[英]Difference in owl:hasValue and owl:oneOf support in Jena's OWLMicroReasoner?
問題描述
我正在使用值限制從其值信息派生實例類型：
:SpaceMission rdf:type owl:Class .
:shuttleUsed rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain :SpaceMission .
:Apollo11 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual .
:Mission11 rdf:type :SpaceMission , owl:NamedIndividual ;
:shuttleUsed :Apollo11 .
:ApolloMission rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf ( :SpaceMission
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :shuttleUsed ;
owl:hasValue :Apollo11
]
)
] .
單個值限制owl:hasValue可以正常工作，並且:Mission11類型的SPARQL按預期返回：SpaceMission和:ApolloMission ApolloMission。 然后，我為類的定義添加了第二個值限制:ApolloMission ：
:Apollo13 rdf:type owl:NamedIndividual .
:ApolloMission rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf ( :SpaceMission
[ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :shuttleUsed ;
owl:someValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
owl:oneOf ( :Apollo11
:Apollo13
)
]
]
)
] .
（限制類型已自動從owl:hasValue更改為owl:someValuesFrom ）。 在這種情況下類型的預期推斷:ApolloMission對個人:Mission11不返回，但只有:SpaceMission 。 我有什么問題嗎？ 還是僅在owl:hasValue類型的值限制下才可能進行類型推斷？
我正在使用耶拿的OWLMicroReasoner並為{<:Mission11> a ?type}運行SPARQL查詢。 也許它不能從owl:someValuesFrom限制中推斷出來。 就像我說的那樣， owl:hasValue限制確實適用於耶拿的微推理器。 Jena的內置推理機是否支持owl:someValuesFrom限制？
1 個解決方案
解決方案1
0 已采納 2014-01-19 23:54:40
如果您可以提供我們可以用來測試的整個本體，那么通常更有用。 這不是太大，因此重新創建也不太困難。 無論如何，我已經復制了它，並且它包含在此答案的結尾。
推論在OWL中有效
您正在尋找的推論在OWL中是有效的，我們可以通過使用邏輯上完整的OWL推理程序（例如Pellet）來看到這一點。 我們將在Protégé中看到這一點（但您也可以將Pellet與Jena一起使用。）這是在Protégé中重新創建的本體的樣子：
然后，當我們啟用Pellet推理程序並請求ApolloMission的實例時，將按預期獲得Mission11 ：
既然您說的是要詢問Mission11的類型，也許您使用了類似查詢{Mission11}的超類的查詢。 這也會產生預期的類：
復制本體
@prefix : <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix space: <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#> .
<http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl>
a owl:Ontology .
space:Mission11 a owl:NamedIndividual , space:SpaceMission ;
space:shuttleUsed space:Apollo11 .
space:shuttleUsed a owl:ObjectProperty ;
rdfs:domain space:SpaceMission .
space:Apollo13 a owl:Thing , owl:NamedIndividual .
space:ApolloMission a owl:Class ;
owl:equivalentClass [ a owl:Class ;
owl:intersectionOf ( space:SpaceMission [ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty space:shuttleUsed ;
owl:someValuesFrom [ a owl:Class ;
owl:oneOf ( space:Apollo13 space:Apollo11 )
]
] )
] .
space:SpaceMission a owl:Class .
space:Apollo11 a owl:Thing , owl:NamedIndividual .
為什么您無法通過耶拿的推理機獲得一些結果
耶拿的推理機還不完整 。 這並不意味着他們還沒有完成。 complete是形式化推理中的技術術語，用於描述推理器（或算法等），這意味着根據推理器不會產生的語言的語義，存在正確的推論。 Jena的推理程序不完整的原因與實施策略（使用基於規則的推理機）以及效率方面的考慮（我們可以接受速度和所獲得的推理之間的權衡）有關。
有關Jena的推理程序的更多信息，您應該查看推理機和規則引擎：文檔中的Jena推理支持 。 但是，它並不完全是最新的，例如，它說：
Jena OWL推理程序中不支持OWL / lite以外的關鍵構造是complementOf和oneOf。 如上所述，對unionOf的支持是部分的（由於基於規則的方法的局限性），但對於遍歷類層次結構很有用。
但如下面的代碼顯示，還有就是 ，事實上，支持owl:oneOf中的一些推理的，所以一些推理可以使您想要的ApolloMission推斷。
耶拿（Jena）提供了許多推理程序，而獲取連接到它們的OntModel的最簡單方法是使用在OntModelSpec中聲明的靜態OntModelSpecs。 以下Java代碼顯示，使用您提供的最終本體，不同的推理程序將提供不同的結果。 （用於獲取不同OntModelSpecs的反射代碼有點hacky，但是作為一個簡單的示例，它很好。）該代碼為每個聲明的規范以“ OWL_”開頭構造一個OntModel，並對它們運行查詢。
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntModel;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.ontology.OntModelSpec;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.query.QueryExecutionFactory;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.query.ResultSetFormatter;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.rdf.model.Model;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.rdf.model.ModelFactory;
public class JenaReasonersSpaceExample {
private final static String QUERY =
"PREFIX : <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#>\n" +
"select ?type where {\n" +
" :Mission11 a ?type .\n" +
"}\n";
private final static Model base =
ModelFactory.createDefaultModel()
.read( "file:///home/taylorj/tmp/ontologies/space/space.owl" );
public static void main(final String[] args) throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException {
// Iterate through the fields of OntModelSpec and for each one whose name
// begins with "OWL_", assume that it's a static field (so that getField
// can accept null), and that its value is an OntModelSpec (so that we
// can cast and create an OntModel with it and the base model).
// that begin with "OWL_", and assume t
for ( final Field field : OntModelSpec.class.getFields() ) {
if ( field.getName().startsWith("OWL_") ) {
final OntModelSpec spec = (OntModelSpec) field.get(null);
final OntModel model = ModelFactory.createOntologyModel( spec, base );
// Run the query against the model (that will use the specified reasoner)
// and show the field that we used and the results that we get.
System.out.println( "\n=== "+field.getName()+" ===" );
ResultSetFormatter.out(QueryExecutionFactory.create(QUERY, model).execSelect());
}
}
}
}
輸出如下。 一些推理者可以推斷出Mission11是ApolloMission。 這些是規范所使用的： OWL_MEM_RULE_INF ， OWL_MEM_MINI_RULE_INF ， OWL_DL_MEM_RULE_INF和OWL_LITE_MEM_RULES_INF 。 看來您可能想堅持使用名稱為RULE推理機。
=== OWL_MEM ===
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| type |
========================================================================
| <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#SpaceMission> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
=== OWL_MEM_RDFS_INF ===
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| type |
========================================================================
| <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#SpaceMission> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource> |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
=== OWL_MEM_TRANS_INF ===
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| type |
========================================================================
| <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#SpaceMission> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
=== OWL_MEM_RULE_INF ===
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
| type |
=========================================================================
| <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#SpaceMission> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing> |
| _:b0 |
| <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource> |
| _:b1 |
| <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#ApolloMission> |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
=== OWL_MEM_MICRO_RULE_INF ===
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| type |
========================================================================
| <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#SpaceMission> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource> |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
=== OWL_MEM_MINI_RULE_INF ===
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
| type |
=========================================================================
| <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#SpaceMission> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing> |
| _:b0 |
| <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource> |
| _:b1 |
| <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#ApolloMission> |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
=== OWL_DL_MEM ===
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| type |
========================================================================
| <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#SpaceMission> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
=== OWL_DL_MEM_RDFS_INF ===
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| type |
========================================================================
| <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#SpaceMission> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource> |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
=== OWL_DL_MEM_TRANS_INF ===
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| type |
========================================================================
| <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#SpaceMission> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
=== OWL_DL_MEM_RULE_INF ===
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
| type |
=========================================================================
| <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#SpaceMission> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing> |
| _:b0 |
| <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource> |
| <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#ApolloMission> |
| _:b1 |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
=== OWL_LITE_MEM ===
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| type |
========================================================================
| <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#SpaceMission> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
=== OWL_LITE_MEM_TRANS_INF ===
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| type |
========================================================================
| <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#SpaceMission> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
=== OWL_LITE_MEM_RDFS_INF ===
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| type |
========================================================================
| <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#SpaceMission> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource> |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
=== OWL_LITE_MEM_RULES_INF ===
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
| type |
=========================================================================
| <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#SpaceMission> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#NamedIndividual> |
| <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing> |
| _:b0 |
| <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource> |
| <http://stackoverflow.com/q/21223545/1281433/space.owl#ApolloMission> |
| _:b1 |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
APACHE Jena Ont 模型支持 owl:maxQualifiedCardinality 和 owl:minQualifiedCardinality 限制
[英]support of owl:maxQualifiedCardinality and owl:minQualifiedCardinality restrictions by APACHE Jena Ont model
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