如何在manifest.xml文件中找到基本組件類？

Question

我是android和Java的新手，我試圖在網上找到代碼示例，並閱讀它們以了解代碼的結構。 我已經瀏覽了我的第一個應用程序的這個manifest.xml文件：

<original-package android:name="com.android.alarmclock" />
<original-package android:name="com.android.deskclock" />

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.VIBRATE"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.DISABLE_KEYGUARD" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.DEVICE_POWER" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="17"></uses-sdk>

<application android:label="@string/app_label"
             android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_alarmclock">

    <provider android:name="AlarmProvider"
            android:authorities="com.android.deskclock"
            android:exported="false" />

    <activity android:name="DeskClock"
            android:label="@string/app_label"
            android:theme="@style/DeskClock"
            android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_alarmclock"
            android:launchMode="singleTask"
            >

        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
            <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
            <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
        </intent-filter>
    </activity>

    <activity-alias android:name="DockClock"
            android:targetActivity="DeskClock"
            android:label="@string/app_label"
            android:theme="@style/DeskClock"
            android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_alarmclock"
            android:launchMode="singleTask"
            android:enabled="@bool/config_dockAppEnabled"
            >
        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
            <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
            <category android:name="android.intent.category.DESK_DOCK" />
        </intent-filter>
    </activity-alias>

    <activity android:name="AlarmClock"
            android:label="@string/alarm_list_title"
            android:theme="@style/AlarmClockTheme"
            android:taskAffinity=""
            android:excludeFromRecents="true"
            android:launchMode="standard"
            android:exported="true" />

    <activity-alias android:name="com.android.alarmclock.AlarmClock"
            android:targetActivity="com.android.deskclock.AlarmClock"
            android:exported="true" />

    <activity android:name="SettingsActivity"
            android:label="@string/settings"
            android:theme="@style/SettingsTheme"
            android:taskAffinity=""
            android:excludeFromRecents="true"
            >
        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
        </intent-filter>
    </activity>

    <activity android:name=".worldclock.CitiesActivity"
            android:label="@string/cities_activity_title"
            android:theme="@style/SettingsTheme"
            android:taskAffinity=""
            android:excludeFromRecents="true"
            >
        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
        </intent-filter>
    </activity>

    <activity android:name="SetAlarm"
            android:label="@string/set_alarm"
            android:theme="@style/SetAlarmTheme"/>

    <activity android:name="AlarmAlert"
            android:excludeFromRecents="true"
            android:theme="@android:style/Theme.Holo"
            android:launchMode="singleInstance"
            android:taskAffinity=""
            android:configChanges="orientation|screenSize|keyboardHidden|keyboard|navigation"/>

    <!-- This activity is basically the same as AlarmAlert
         but full-screen so that it can turn the display on. -->
    <activity android:name="AlarmAlertFullScreen"
            android:excludeFromRecents="true"
            android:theme="@style/AlarmAlertFullScreenTheme"
            android:launchMode="singleInstance"
            android:taskAffinity=""
            android:showOnLockScreen="true"
            android:screenOrientation="nosensor"
            android:configChanges="orientation|screenSize|keyboardHidden|keyboard|navigation"/>

    <activity android:name="ScreensaverActivity"
            android:excludeFromRecents="true"
            android:taskAffinity=""
            android:theme="@style/ScreensaverActivityTheme"
            android:configChanges="orientation|screenSize|keyboardHidden|keyboard" />

    <receiver android:name="AlarmReceiver"
            android:exported="false">
        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="com.android.deskclock.ALARM_ALERT" />
            <action android:name="alarm_killed" />
            <action android:name="cancel_snooze" />
        </intent-filter>
    </receiver>

    <activity android:name="HandleSetAlarm"
            android:theme="@android:style/Theme.NoDisplay"
            android:excludeFromRecents="true"
            android:permission="com.android.alarm.permission.SET_ALARM">
        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.SET_ALARM" />
            <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
        </intent-filter>
    </activity>

    <!-- This service receives the same intent as AlarmReceiver but it does
         not respond to the same broadcast. The AlarmReceiver will receive
         the alert broadcast and will start this service with the same
         intent. The service plays the alarm alert and vibrates the device.
         This allows the alert to continue playing even if another activity
         causes the AlarmAlert activity to pause. -->
    <service android:name="AlarmKlaxon"
            android:exported="false"
            android:description="@string/alarm_klaxon_service_desc">
        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="com.android.deskclock.ALARM_ALERT" />
        </intent-filter>
    </service>

    <receiver android:name="AlarmInitReceiver">
        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" />
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.TIME_SET" />
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.TIMEZONE_CHANGED" />
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.LOCALE_CHANGED" />
        </intent-filter>
    </receiver>

    <receiver android:name="com.android.alarmclock.AnalogAppWidgetProvider" android:label="@string/analog_gadget"
       android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_alarmclock">
        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.appwidget.action.APPWIDGET_UPDATE" />
        </intent-filter>
        <meta-data android:name="android.appwidget.oldName" android:value="com.android.deskclock.AnalogAppWidgetProvider" />
        <meta-data android:name="android.appwidget.provider" android:resource="@xml/analog_appwidget" />
    </receiver>

    <receiver android:name="com.android.alarmclock.DigitalAppWidgetProvider" android:label="@string/digital_gadget"
       android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_alarmclock">
        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.appwidget.action.APPWIDGET_UPDATE" />
            </intent-filter>
        <meta-data android:name="android.appwidget.provider" android:resource="@xml/digital_appwidget" />
    </receiver>

    <service android:name="com.android.alarmclock.DigitalAppWidgetService"
         android:permission="android.permission.BIND_REMOTEVIEWS"
         android:exported="false" />

    <receiver android:name="com.android.alarmclock.DigitalWidgetViewsFactory"
         android:exported="false" />

    <!-- Dream (screensaver) implementation -->
    <service android:name="Screensaver"
        android:exported="true"
        android:label="@string/app_label">
        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.service.dreams.DreamService" />
            <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
        </intent-filter>
        <meta-data
            android:name="android.service.dream"
            android:resource="@xml/dream_info" />
    </service>

    <!-- Settings activity for screensaver -->
    <activity android:name=".ScreensaverSettingsActivity"
            android:label="@string/screensaver_settings"
            android:theme="@android:style/Theme.Holo"
            android:taskAffinity=""
            android:excludeFromRecents="true"
            android:exported="true"
            >
        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
        </intent-filter>
    </activity>

    <!-- This activity is basically like the TimerFragment in DeskClock
     but only during lock screen
     so that is only has the fired timers -->
    <activity android:name="com.android.deskclock.timer.TimerAlertFullScreen"
            android:excludeFromRecents="true"
            android:theme="@style/AlarmAlertFullScreenTheme"
            android:launchMode="singleInstance"
            android:showOnLockScreen="true"
            android:taskAffinity=""
            android:configChanges="orientation|screenSize|keyboardHidden|keyboard|navigation"/>

    <service android:name="TimerRingService"
            android:exported="false"
            android:description="@string/timer_ring_service_desc">
        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="com.android.deskclock.TIMER_ALERT" />
        </intent-filter>
    </service>

    <receiver android:name="com.android.deskclock.timer.TimerReceiver"
            android:exported="false">
        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="start_timer" />
            <action android:name="delete_timer" />
            <action android:name="times_up" />
            <action android:name="timer_stop" />
            <action android:name="timer_reset" />
            <action android:name="timer_done" />
            <action android:name="timer_update" />
            <action android:name="notif_in_use_show" />
            <action android:name="notif_in_use_cancel" />
        </intent-filter>
    </receiver>

    <service android:name="com.android.deskclock.stopwatch.StopwatchService"
            android:exported="false"
            android:description="@string/stopwatch_service_desc">
        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="start_stopwatch" />
            <action android:name="lap_stopwatch" />
            <action android:name="stop_stopwatch" />
            <action android:name="reset_stopwatch" />
            <action android:name="share_stopwatch" />
        </intent-filter>
    </service>
</application>

我有問題（希望耐心等待，我在所有這些方面真的很新）：

哪個標簽代表應用程序中的類？ 有基礎課嗎？ 因為有關此代碼的問題之一是“考慮到mainfest.xml中有四個基本組件類，所以確定每個基本組件的一個實例”

Answer 1

android應用程序中有四種類型的組件

• 活動
• 服務
• 廣播接收器

• 內容提供商

    <activity android:name="AlarmAlertFullScreen" android:excludeFromRecents="true" android:theme="@style/AlarmAlertFullScreenTheme" android:launchMode="singleInstance" android:taskAffinity="" android:showOnLockScreen="true" android:screenOrientation="nosensor" android:configChanges="orientation|screenSize|keyboardHidden|keyboard|navigation"/> all <activity> Tag keep defined Activity classes in your app <receiver android:name="AlarmReceiver" android:exported="false"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="com.android.deskclock.ALARM_ALERT" /> <action android:name="alarm_killed" /> <action android:name="cancel_snooze" /> </intent-filter> </receiver> <receiver> Tag define BroadCastReceiver component which is used in applicaiton <service android:name="AlarmKlaxon" android:exported="false" android:description="@string/alarm_klaxon_service_desc"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="com.android.deskclock.ALARM_ALERT" /> </intent-filter> </service> 

  標簽定義您的應用程序的后台服務組件

    <provider android:name="AlarmProvider" android:authorities="com.android.deskclock" android:exported="false" /> <provider> tag define shared resource like database which is Content Provider 

有關更多詳細信息，請訪問： http : //developer.android.com/guide/components/fundamentals.html

Answer 2

哪個標簽代表應用程序中的類？

您的應用很可能會包含未在AndroidManifest.xml定義的類

有基礎課嗎？

通過基本類，我認為它們是指ContentProvider ， BroadcastRecevier ， Activity和Service 。 這些類被認為是大多數應用程序的構建塊。 這些是將在AndroidManifest.xml上定義的類，盡管其中一些不需要在AndroidManifest.xml定義，並且可以通過代碼注冊。

您可以在此處找到更多信息。