如何獲得一個函數來遍歷字符串並替換字符串的第一個字符、第二個字符等？

Question

我正在嘗試創建一個培根密碼加密程序，該程序讀取消息、假消息和整數密鑰的輸入，然后輸出通過凱撒密碼加密程序移位的假消息，但帶有培根密碼的空格和符號代表粗體和普通字體，或者我使用的“A”和“B”。

這是我到目前為止所擁有的。 它大部分已完成，但我無法讓輸出循環遍歷使用凱撒密碼加密的字符串中的字符，而是僅使用第一個字符。 我很肯定這是愚蠢的事情，但我似乎無法讓它發揮作用。 有什么建議？ ：

def main():
    myBaconianMessage = input('Please input Bacon cipher message.')
    myBaconianMessage = myBaconianMessage.split()
    myCaesarMessage = input('Please input fake message to be encrypted.')
    myCaesarKey = int(input('Please input integer key.'))
    clues_A = {'A':'AAAAA'}
    clues_B = {'B':'AAAAB'}
    clues = {'a':'AAAAA', 'b':'AAAAB', 'c':'AAABA', 'd':'AAABB', 'e':'AABAA',
             'f':'AABAB', 'g':'AABBA', 'h':'AABBB', 'i':'ABAAA', 'j':'ABAAA',
             'k':'ABAAB', 'l':'ABABA', 'm':'ABABB', 'n':'ABBAA', 'o':'ABBAB',
             'p':'ABBBA', 'q':'ABBBB', 'r':'BAAAA', 's':'BAAAB', 't':'BAABA',
             'u':'BAABB', 'v':'BAABB', 'w':'BABAA', 'x':'BABAB', 'y':'BABBA',
             'z':'BABBB', 'C':'AAABA', 'D':'AAABB', 'E':'AABAA', 'F':'AABAB',
             'G':'AABBA', 'H':'AABBB', 'I':'ABAAA', 'J':'ABAAA', 'K':'ABAAB',
             'L':'ABABA', 'M':'ABABB', 'N':'ABBAA', 'O':'ABBAB', 'P':'ABBBA',
             'Q':'ABBBB', 'R':'BAAAA', 'S':'BAAAB', 'T':'BAABA', 'U':'BAABB',
             'V':'BAABB', 'W':'BABAA', 'X':'BABAB', 'Y':'BABBA', 'Z':'BABBB'}


    def decrypter():
        translated = myBaconianMessage[:]
        for i, word in enumerate(translated):
            for key in clues_A:
                translated[i] = translated[i].replace(key, clues_A.get(key))
            for key in clues_B:
                translated[i] = translated[i].replace(key, clues_B.get(key))
            for key in clues:
                translated[i] = translated[i].replace(key, clues.get(key))
        encryptedMessage = ''.join(translated)
        return encryptedMessage


    def caesarPortion():
        myCaesarMode = 'encrypt'
        alphabet = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
        caesarMessage = ''
        newCaesarMessage = myCaesarMessage.lower()
        for symbol in newCaesarMessage:
            if symbol in alphabet:
                num = alphabet.find(symbol)
                if myCaesarMode == 'encrypt':
                    num = num + myCaesarKey
                elif myCaesarMode == 'decrypt':
                    num = num - myCaesarKey
                if num >= len(alphabet):
                    num = num - len(alphabet)
                elif num < 0:
                    num = num + len(alphabet)
                caesarMessage = caesarMessage + alphabet[num]
        else:
            caesarMessage = caesarMessage + symbol
        thisCaesarMessage = ''.join(caesarMessage)
        return thisCaesarMessage


    def doubleEncrypted():
        caesar = caesarPortion()
        listCaesar = list(caesar)
        translate = decrypter()
        listTranslate = translate.split()
        for char in range(len(listCaesar) - 1):
            i = 0
            while i <= len(listCaesar):
                i += 1
                set = {'A':listCaesar[i], 'B':' '}
                for symbol in listTranslate:
                    for x, word in enumerate(listTranslate):
                        for key in set:
                            listTranslate[x] = listTranslate[x].replace(key,  ''.join(str(set.get(key))))
    return listTranslate

    if len(myBaconianMessage) >= 1:
        print(''.join(doubleEncrypted()))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

我知道這是 doubleEncrypted() 中的問題，可能是 while 循環或 set 或范圍，我知道代碼真的一點也不優雅，但我是 n00b，我只是想弄清楚如何工作。 我真的非常感謝任何建議。

Answer 1

是的，問題出在帶有 while 循環的doubleEncrypted函數中：

# this while loop will loop from `i` is incremented before indexing 
while i <= len(listCaesar):

這是一個示例片段：

>>> listCaesar = 'MyName'
>>> len(listCaesar)
6
>>> range(6 - 1)
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
>>> for char in range(6 - 1):
...     i = 0
...     while i <= 6:
...         i += 1
...         print i, listCaesar[i]
...
1 y
2 N
3 a
4 m
5 e
6
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 5, in <module>
IndexError: string index out of range
>>>

在上面的例子中， i在索引之前遞增，所以當它達到 6 時，列表索引超出范圍。

因此，您可以通過在 listCaesar 索引后添加i += 1來解決該問題。 即使我覺得這是正確的方法，因為您在索引之后而不是之前增加i 。

>>> for char in range(6 - 1):
...     i = 0
...     while i < 6:       # while i <=5:
...         print i, listCaesar[i]
...         i += 1
...
0 M
1 y
2 N
3 a
4 m

Answer 2

我知道這晚了 7 年，但這是一個很好用的 Baconian：它編碼和解碼：

What = int(input("Would you like to... 1. Encode, or 2. Decode? "))

if What == 1:
  Input = str(input("")).upper()
  BaconianTable = {
    "A": "AAAAA ",
    "B": "AAAAB ",
    "C": "AAABA ",
    "D": "AAABB ",
    "E": "AABAA ",
    "F": "AABAB ",
    "G": "AABBA ",
    "H": "AABBB ",
    "I": "ABAAA ",
    "J": "ABAAA ",
    "K": "ABAAB ",
    "L": "ABABA ",
    "M": "ABABB ",
    "N": "ABBAA ",
    "O": "ABBAB ",
    "P": "ABBBA ",
    "Q": "ABBBB ",
    "R": "BAAAA ",
    "S": "BAAAB ",
    "T": "BAABA ",
    "U": "BAABB ",
    "V": "BAABB ",
    "W": "BABAA ",
    "X": "BABAB ",
    "Y": "BABBA ",
    "Z": "BABBB ",
    " ": " ",
    ".": ".",
    ",": ",",
    "!": "!",
    "?": "?"
  }

  X = list(Input)
  Answer = ""
  Y = 0
  for i in range(len(Input)):
    Answer = Answer + str(BaconianTable[X[Y]])
    Y += 1
  print(Answer)
elif What == 2:
  Input = str(input("")).upper()
  Input = Input.replace("AAAAA", "a")
  Input = Input.replace("AAAAB", "b")
  Input = Input.replace("AAABA", "c")
  Input = Input.replace("AAABB", "d")
  Input = Input.replace("AABAA", "e")
  Input = Input.replace("AABAB", "f")
  Input = Input.replace("AABBA", "g")
  Input = Input.replace("AABBB", "H")
  Input = Input.replace("ABAAA", "|i (or) j|")
  Input = Input.replace("ABAAB", "k")
  Input = Input.replace("ABABA", "l")
  Input = Input.replace("ABABB", "m")
  Input = Input.replace("ABBAA", "n")
  Input = Input.replace("ABBAB", "o")
  Input = Input.replace("ABBBA", "p")
  Input = Input.replace("ABBBB", "q")
  Input = Input.replace("BAAAA", "r")
  Input = Input.replace("BAAAB", "s")
  Input = Input.replace("BAABA", "t")
  Input = Input.replace("BAABB", "|u (or) v|")
  Input = Input.replace("BABAA", "w")
  Input = Input.replace("BABAB", "x")
  Input = Input.replace("BABBA", "y")
  Input = Input.replace("BABBB", "z")
  Input = Input.replace("  ", "+")
  Input = Input.replace(" ", "")
  Input = Input.replace("+", " ")    
  print(Input.capitalize())