Python簡單烏龜程序

Question

我在嘗試完成python龜程序時遇到了麻煩。 當我嘗試輸入x和y坐標以及函數的半徑值（如t.drawSnowman（x = 25，y = 25，radius = 25）時，程序在輸入值時行為不正常。但是如果我省略參數以上，而只是使用t.drawSnowman（）程序按預期工作，但我無法創建雪人的各種實例。

我真的很想幫助試圖找出如何輸入參數並仍然具有程序功能。

這是我的代碼

import turtle

class MyTurtle(turtle.Turtle):
""""""


def __init__(self):
    """Turtle Constructor"""
    turtle.Turtle.__init__(self, shape="turtle")

def drawNose(self, x=0, y=0, radius = 15, circle_color = "black"):
    '''draw nose '''
    self.pendown()
    self.goto(-(radius) * (0.25),(radius * 6)+(radius * 4)+(radius))
    self.goto(0,(radius * 6)+(radius * 4)+(radius)+(radius * (0.25)))
    self.goto((radius) * (0.25),(radius * 6)+(radius * 4)+(radius))
    self.goto(0,(radius * 6)+(radius * 4)+(radius))
    self.penup()

def leftEye(self, x=0, y=0, radius = 15, circle_color = "black"):
    '''draw left eye'''
    self.pendown()
    self.circle(radius*(.25))
    self.penup()
def rightEye(self, x=0, y=0, radius = 15, circle_color = "black"):
    '''draw right eye'''
    self.pendown()
    self.circle(radius*(.25))
    self.penup()
def bottomOfHat(self, x=0, y=0, radius = 15, circle_color = "black"):
    ''' draw the long part of the hat at the bottom '''
    self.goto(0,(radius * 6)+(radius * 4)+(radius * 2))
    self.pendown()
    self.goto(-(radius),(radius * 6)+(radius * 4)+(radius * 2))
    self.goto(-(radius),(radius * 6)+(radius * 4)+(radius * 2)+(radius * (0.5)))
    self.goto(radius,(radius * 6)+(radius * 4)+(radius * 2)+(radius * (0.5)))
    self.goto(radius,(radius * 6)+(radius * 4)+(radius * 2))
    self.goto(0,(radius * 6)+(radius * 4)+(radius * 2))
    self.penup()

def topOfHat(self, x=0, y=0, radius = 15, circle_color = "black"):
    '''draw the top bigger part of the hat'''
    self.goto(radius*(.75),(radius * 6)+(radius * 4)+(radius * 2)+(radius * (0.5)))
    self.pendown()
    self.goto(radius*(.75),(radius * 6)+(radius * 4)+(radius * 2)+(radius * 2))
    self.goto(-(radius)*(.75),(radius * 6)+(radius * 4)+(radius * 2)+(radius * 2))
    self.goto(-(radius)*(.75),(radius * 6)+(radius * 4)+(radius * 2)+(radius * (0.5)))

def bottomCircle(self, x=0, y=0, radius = 15, circle_color = "black"):
    '''draws the bottom circle'''
    self.pendown()
    self.circle(radius * 3)
    self.penup()
def middleCircle(self, x=0, y=0, radius = 15, circle_color = "black"):
    '''draw the middle circle'''
    self.pendown()
    self.circle(radius * 2)
    self.penup()
def topCircle(self, x=0, y=0, radius = 15, circle_color = "black"):
    '''draw the top circle'''
    self.pendown()
    self.circle(radius)
    self.penup()
def drawSnowman(self, x=0, y=0, radius = 15, circle_color = "black"):
    self.bottomCircle()
    self.goto(0,radius * 6)
    self.middleCircle()
    self.goto(0,(radius * 6)+(radius * 4))
    self.topCircle()
    self.goto(-(radius) * (0.5),(radius * 6)+(radius * 4)+(radius))
    self.leftEye()
    self.goto((radius) * (0.5),(radius * 6)+(radius * 4)+(radius))
    self.rightEye()
    self.goto(0,(radius * 6)+(radius * 4)+(radius))
    self.drawNose()
    self.bottomOfHat()
    self.topOfHat()



t = MyTurtle()
t.hideturtle()
radius = 15
t.drawSnowman(x = 25,y = 25,radius = 25)

當我使用參數t.drawsnowman（x = 25 y = 25 radius = 25）時，這是雪人的照片

當我輸入沒有參數時，這是雪人t.drawsnowman（）

Answer 1

嘗試一步一步地找出代碼實際執行的操作（或使用調試器）。

• 如果你調用t.drawSnowman() ，則radius 15 。
• 你調用bottomCircle() ，它將繪制一個半徑為radius * 3 = 45的圓
• 你在y軸上移動radius * 6 = 90 （你現在在圓圈的“頂部” ）
• 你調用middleCircle() ，它將是一個半徑為radius * 2 = 30的圓
• ...

現在，看看如果使用參數調用函數會發生什么：

• 如果你調用t.drawSnowman(x = 25,y = 25,radius = 25) ，則radius 25 。
• 你調用bottomCircle() ，它將繪制一個半徑為radius * 3 = 45的圓。 請注意局部變量radius是15 ，因為它是該參數的默認值，並且您不將傳遞給drawSnowman的值傳遞給bottomCircle方法。
• 你在y軸上移動radius * 6 = 150 （你現在遠離圓圈）
• 你調用middleCircle() ，它將是一個半徑為radius * 2 = 30的圓。 注意局部變量radius也是15 。
• ...

所以，你的問題是傳入一個radius的值，但你只使用該值來移動drawSnowman的烏龜，而不是在任何其他函數中進一步向下移動烏龜。