使用awk進行字符串匹配

Question

我有一個制表符分隔的文件，其中包含這樣的行：

field1 field2 field3 field4 field5 field6
1 abc 2 word:add,word:remove text string
2 xyz 2 word:replace,word:modify msg string
3 lmn 1 word:add msg numeric
4 cncn 2 phone:add,phone: remove msg numeric
5 lmn 2 word:add msg text

我想編寫一個awk程序/ oneliner，為我提供行

field3 ==2並且field4 contains either "add" or "remove"

換句話說，它應該先過濾掉這些，然后，

1 abc 2 word:add,word:remove text string
2 xyz 2 word:replace,word:modify msg string
4 cncn 2 phone:add,phone:remove msg numeric
5 lmn 2 word:add msg text

在第二步中應該濾掉這些

1 abc 2 word:add,word:remove text string
4 cncn 2 phone:add,phone:remove msg numeric    
5 lmn 2 word:add msg text

我可以使用正確的第一步： cat test.tsv | awk -F '\\t' '$3 == 2' cat test.tsv | awk -F '\\t' '$3 == 2'

如何匹配第二部分的子字符串？ 提前致謝

Answer 1

您可以使用~匹配字段：

awk -F '\t' '$3==2 && $4 ~ /add|remove/' filename

會產生預期的結果：

1 abc 2 word:add,word:remove text string
4 cncn 2 phone:add,phone: remove msg numeric
5 lmn 2 word:add msg text

從手冊中引用：

   ~ !~        Regular  expression match, negated match.  NOTE: Do not use
               a constant regular expression (/foo/) on the left-hand side
               of  a  ~  or !~.  Only use one on the right-hand side.  The
               expression /foo/ ~ exp has  the  same  meaning  as  (($0  ~
               /foo/) ~ exp).  This is usually not what was intended.