如何在不使用 Storyboard 的情況下創建新的 Swift 項目？

Question

在 XCode 6 中創建新項目不允許禁用故事板。 您只能選擇 Swift 或 Objective-C 並使用或不使用 Core Data。

我嘗試刪除故事板並從項目中刪除主故事板並從 didFinishLaunching 手動設置窗口

在 AppDelegate 我有這個：

class AppDelegate: UIResponder, UIApplicationDelegate {

var window: UIWindow
var testNavigationController: UINavigationController

    func application(application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: NSDictionary?) -> Bool {

        testNavigationController = UINavigationController()
        var testViewController: UIViewController = UIViewController()
        self.testNavigationController.pushViewController(testViewController, animated: false)

        self.window = UIWindow(frame: UIScreen.mainScreen().bounds)

        self.window.rootViewController = testNavigationController

        self.window.backgroundColor = UIColor.whiteColor()

        self.window.makeKeyAndVisible()

        return true
    }
}

但是，XCode 給了我一個錯誤：

“AppDelegate”類沒有初始值設定項

有人在這方面取得成功嗎？

Answer 1

不為rootViewController使用 Storyboards 所需要的rootViewController ：

1· 將AppDelegate.swift更改為：

import UIKit

@UIApplicationMain
class AppDelegate: UIResponder, UIApplicationDelegate {

    var window: UIWindow?

    func application(_ application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [UIApplicationLaunchOptionsKey : Any]? = nil) -> Bool {
        window = UIWindow(frame: UIScreen.main.bounds)
        if let window = window {
            window.backgroundColor = UIColor.white
            window.rootViewController = ViewController()
            window.makeKeyAndVisible()
        }
        return true
    }
}

2· 創建一個UIViewController的ViewController子類：

import UIKit

class ViewController: UIViewController {

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        view.backgroundColor = UIColor.blue
    }
}

3· 如果您從 Xcode 模板創建項目：

1. 從Info.plist刪除鍵"Main storyboard file base name"的鍵值對。
2. 刪除故事板文件Main.storyboard 。

正如您在第一個代碼片段中看到的那樣，我更喜歡用於解包可選window屬性的if let語法，而不是隱式解包可選項。 在這里，我像if let a = a { }一樣使用它，以便可選的a成為if語句中的非可選引用，具有相同的名稱 – a 。

最后self. 在它自己的類中引用window屬性時不需要。

Answer 2

您必須將window和testNavigationController變量標記為可選：

var window : UIWindow?
var testNavigationController : UINavigationController?

Swift 類需要在實例化期間初始化非可選屬性：

類和結構必須在創建該類或結構的實例時將其所有存儲的屬性設置為適當的初始值。 存儲的屬性不能處於不確定狀態。

可選類型的屬性會自動初始化為 nil 值，這表明該屬性在初始化期間故意“沒有值”。

使用可選變量時，記得用! ， 如：

self.window!.backgroundColor = UIColor.whiteColor();

Answer 3

如果你想用 xib 初始化你的 viewController 並且需要使用導航控制器。 這是一段代碼。

var window: UIWindow?
var navController:UINavigationController?
var viewController:ViewController?

func application(application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [NSObject: AnyObject]?) -> Bool {
    window = UIWindow(frame: UIScreen.mainScreen().bounds)

    viewController = ViewController(nibName: "ViewController", bundle: nil);
    navController = UINavigationController(rootViewController: viewController!);

    window?.rootViewController = navController;
    window?.makeKeyAndVisible()

    return true
}

Answer 4

試試下面的代碼：

func application(application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: NSDictionary?) -> Bool {
    self.window = UIWindow(frame: UIScreen.mainScreen().bounds)
    self.window!.backgroundColor = UIColor.whiteColor()

    // Create a nav/vc pair using the custom ViewController class

    let nav = UINavigationController()
    let vc = NextViewController ( nibName:"NextViewController", bundle: nil)

    // Push the vc onto the nav
    nav.pushViewController(vc, animated: false)

    // Set the window’s root view controller
    self.window!.rootViewController = nav

    // Present the window
    self.window!.makeKeyAndVisible()
    return true

}

Answer 5

我發現答案與 xcode 設置無關，刪除故事板和項目中的參考是正確的。 它與 swift 語法有關。

代碼如下：

class AppDelegate: UIResponder, UIApplicationDelegate {

var window: UIWindow?
var testNavigationController: UINavigationController?

    func application(application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: NSDictionary?) -> Bool {

        self.testNavigationController = UINavigationController()
        var testViewController: UIViewController? = UIViewController()
        testViewController!.view.backgroundColor = UIColor.redColor()
        self.testNavigationController!.pushViewController(testViewController, animated: false)

        self.window = UIWindow(frame: UIScreen.mainScreen().bounds)

        self.window!.rootViewController = testNavigationController

        self.window!.backgroundColor = UIColor.whiteColor()
        self.window!.makeKeyAndVisible()

        return true
    }

}

Answer 6

你可以這樣做：

class AppDelegate: UIResponder, UIApplicationDelegate {
    var window: UIWindow?
    var IndexNavigationController: UINavigationController?

    func application(application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: NSDictionary?) -> Bool {
        var IndexViewContoller : IndexViewController? = IndexViewController()
        self.IndexNavigationController = UINavigationController(rootViewController:IndexViewContoller)
        self.window = UIWindow(frame: UIScreen.mainScreen().bounds)
        self.window!.rootViewController = self.IndexNavigationController
        self.window!.backgroundColor = UIColor.whiteColor()
        self.window!.makeKeyAndVisible()
        return true
    }
}

Answer 7

我建議你使用控制器和 xib

MyViewController.swift和MyViewController.xib

（您可以通過 File->New->File->Cocoa Touch Class 創建並設置 UIViewController 的子類“也創建 XIB 文件”為真）

class MyViewController: UIViewController {
   .....    
}

並在AppDelegate.swift func application編寫以下代碼

....
var controller: MyViewController = MyViewController(nibName:"MyViewController",bundle:nil)
self.window!.rootViewController = controller
return true

應該是工作！

Answer 8

為 Swift 3.0 更新：

window = UIWindow()
window?.rootViewController = ViewController()
window?.makeKeyAndVisible()

Answer 9

更新：Swift 5 和 iOS 13：

1. 創建單一視圖應用程序。
2. 刪除Main.storyboard （右鍵單擊並刪除）。
3. 從Info.plist文件中的默認場景配置中刪除Storyboard Name ：
4. 打開SceneDelegate.swift並將func scene從：

func scene(_ scene: UIScene, willConnectTo session: UISceneSession, options connectionOptions: UIScene.ConnectionOptions) {
    // Use this method to optionally configure and attach the UIWindow `window` to the provided UIWindowScene `scene`.
    // If using a storyboard, the `window` property will automatically be initialized and attached to the scene.
    // This delegate does not imply the connecting scene or session are new (see `application:configurationForConnectingSceneSession` instead).
    guard let _ = (scene as? UIWindowScene) else { return }
}

到

 func scene(_ scene: UIScene, willConnectTo session: UISceneSession, options connectionOptions: UIScene.ConnectionOptions) {
    // Use this method to optionally configure and attach the UIWindow `window` to the provided UIWindowScene `scene`.
    // If using a storyboard, the `window` property will automatically be initialized and attached to the scene.
    // This delegate does not imply the connecting scene or session are new (see `application:configurationForConnectingSceneSession` instead).x

    if let windowScene = scene as? UIWindowScene {
        let window = UIWindow(windowScene: windowScene)
        window.rootViewController = ViewController()
        self.window = window
        window.makeKeyAndVisible()
    }
}

Answer 10

這是 UINavigationController 的完整快速測試示例

        import UIKit
        @UIApplicationMain
        class KSZAppDelegate: UIResponder, UIApplicationDelegate {    
          var window: UIWindow?
          var testNavigationController: UINavigationController?

          func application(application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [NSObject: AnyObject]?) -> Bool {
            // Override point for customization after application launch.        
            // Working WITHOUT Storyboard
            // see http://randexdev.com/2014/07/uicollectionview/
            // see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/24046898/how-do-i-create-a-new-swift-project-without-using-storyboards
            window = UIWindow(frame: UIScreen.mainScreen().bounds)
            if let win = window {
              win.opaque = true    
            //you could create the navigation controller in the applicationDidFinishLaunching: method of your application delegate.    
              var testViewController: UIViewController = UIViewController()
              testNavigationController = UINavigationController(rootViewController: testViewController)
              win.rootViewController = testNavigationController
              win.backgroundColor = UIColor.whiteColor()
              win.makeKeyAndVisible()
// see corresponding Obj-C in https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/WindowsViews/Conceptual/ViewControllerCatalog/Chapters/NavigationControllers.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40011313-CH2-SW1
        //      - (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(UIApplication *)application {
        //    UIViewController *myViewController = [[MyViewController alloc] init];
        //    navigationController = [[UINavigationController alloc]
        //                                initWithRootViewController:myViewController];
        //    window = [[UIWindow alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds]];
        //    window.rootViewController = navigationController;
        //    [window makeKeyAndVisible];
            //}
            }
            return true
          }
    }

Answer 11

為什么不創建一個空的應用程序？ 故事板不是為我創建的...

Answer 12

我們可以在 Xcode 6 (iOS 8) 中創建沒有故事板的基於導航的應用程序，如下所示：

• 通過選擇項目語言為 Swift 創建一個空的應用程序。

• 使用界面 xib 添加新的可可觸摸類文件。 （例如。TestViewController）

• 在 swift 中，我們只有一個文件與 xib 交互，即 *.swift 文件，沒有 .h 和 .m 文件。

• 我們可以使用與 iOS 7 中相同的 swift 文件連接 xib 的控件。

以下是使用控件和 Swift 的一些片段

//
//  TestViewController.swift
//

import UIKit

class TestViewController: UIViewController {

    @IBOutlet var testBtn : UIButton

    init(nibName nibNameOrNil: String?, bundle nibBundleOrNil: NSBundle?) {
        super.init(nibName: nibNameOrNil, bundle: nibBundleOrNil)
        // Custom initialization
    }

    @IBAction func testActionOnBtn(sender : UIButton) {
        let cancelButtonTitle = NSLocalizedString("OK", comment: "")

        let alertController = UIAlertController(title: "Title", message: "Message", preferredStyle: .Alert)

        // Create the action.
        let cancelAction = UIAlertAction(title: cancelButtonTitle, style: .Cancel) { action in
            NSLog("The simple alert's cancel action occured.")
        }

        // Add the action.
        alertController.addAction(cancelAction)

        presentViewController(alertController, animated: true, completion: nil)
    }

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
    }

    override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {
        super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()
    }

}

AppDelegate.swift 文件中的更改

//
//  AppDelegate.swift
//

import UIKit

@UIApplicationMain
class AppDelegate: UIResponder, UIApplicationDelegate {

    var window: UIWindow?

    var navigationController: UINavigationController?

    func application(application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: NSDictionary?) -> Bool {
        self.window = UIWindow(frame: UIScreen.mainScreen().bounds)
        self.window!.backgroundColor = UIColor.whiteColor()
        self.window!.makeKeyAndVisible()

        var testController: TestViewController? = TestViewController(nibName: "TestViewController", bundle: nil)
        self.navigationController = UINavigationController(rootViewController: testController)
        self.window!.rootViewController = self.navigationController

        return true
    }

    func applicationWillResignActive(application: UIApplication) {
}

    func applicationDidEnterBackground(application: UIApplication) {
    }

    func applicationWillEnterForeground(application: UIApplication) {
    }

    func applicationDidBecomeActive(application: UIApplication) {
    }

    func applicationWillTerminate(application: UIApplication) {
    }

}

在http://ashishkakkad.wordpress.com/2014/06/16/create-a-application-in-xcode-6-ios-8-without-storyborard-in-swift-language-and上查找代碼示例和其他信息-與控件一起工作/

Answer 13

在 iOS 13 及更高版本中，當您創建沒有情節提要的新項目時，請使用以下步驟：

1. 使用 Xcode 11 或更高版本創建項目
2. 刪除故事板筆尖和類
3. 使用 xib 添加新文件
4. 需要將根視圖設置為 UINavigationController SceneDelegate
5. 添加以下代碼：

func scene(_ scene: UIScene, willConnectTo session: UISceneSession, options connectionOptions: UIScene.ConnectionOptions) {
    // Use this method to optionally configure and attach the UIWindow `window` to the provided UIWindowScene `scene`.
    // If using a storyboard, the `window` property will automatically be initialized and attached to the scene.
    // This delegate does not imply the connecting scene or session are new (see `application:configurationForConnectingSceneSession` instead).
    // guard let _ = (scene as? UIWindowScene) else { return }
    
    if let windowScene = scene as? UIWindowScene {
        self.window = UIWindow(windowScene: windowScene)
        let mainController = HomeViewController() as HomeViewController
        let navigationController = UINavigationController(rootViewController: mainController)
        self.window!.rootViewController = navigationController
        self.window!.makeKeyAndVisible()
    }
}