使用urllib2發出帶標題的發布請求

Question

我想將帖子請求發送到具有特定數據和標題類型的URL。 使用這兩個鏈接，我發現如何做到這一點，但它不起作用：
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5693931/python-post-request
如何在HTTP請求中使用urllib2發送自定義標頭？
這是我的代碼：

import urllib
import urllib2

url = 'https://clients6.google.com/rpc'
values = [
    {"method": "pos.plusones.get",
     "id": "p",
     "params": {
                "nolog": True,
                "id": "http://www.newswhip.com",
                "source": "widget",
                "userId": "@viewer",
                "groupId": "@self"
                },
     "jsonrpc": "2.0",
     "key": "p",
     "apiVersion": "v1"
    }]
headers = {"Content-type" : "application/json:"}

data = urllib.urlencode(values)
req = urllib2.Request(url, data, headers)
response = urllib2.urlopen(req)
the_page = response.read()
print the_page

我可以在Postman Rest Client中獲得帶有這些值的結果。 但執行此代碼后，結果是：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:/Developer Center/Republishan/republishan2/republishan2/test2.py", line 22, in <module>
    data = urllib.urlencode(values)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\urllib.py", line 1312, in urlencode
    raise TypeError
TypeError: not a valid non-string sequence or mapping object

我也嘗試使用字典而不是像這樣的列表：

values = {"method": "pos.plusones.get",
     "id": "p",
     "params": {
                "nolog": True,
                "id": "http://www.newswhip.com",
                "source": "widget",
                "userId": "@viewer",
                "groupId": "@self"
                },
     "jsonrpc": "2.0",
     "key": "p",
     "apiVersion": "v1"
    }

它執行腳本但結果包含錯誤：

{"error":{"code":-32700,"message":"Unable to parse json","data":[{"domain":"global","reason":"parseError","message":"Unable to parse json"}]}}

正如我所說，我可以用Postman Rest Client用list而不是字典來執行腳本。 看看Postman的結果： 我該怎么辦？

Answer 1

看起來urllib.urlencode不了解嵌套的dicts：

     In [38]: urllib.urlencode({"a": "asas", "df": {"sds": 123, "t": "fgfg"}})
     Out[38]: 'a=asas&df=%7B%27t%27%3A+%27fgfg%27%2C+%27sds%27%3A+123%7D'

或者你的例子：

     In [41]: urllib.urlencode(values)
     Out[41]: 'jsonrpc=2.0&apiVersion=v1&id=p&params=%7B%27nolog%27%3A+True%2C+%27source%27%3A+%27widget%27%2C+%27userId%27%3A+%27%40viewer%27%2C+%27id%27%3A+%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newswhip.com%27%2C+%27groupId%27%3A+%27%40self%27%7D&key=p&method=pos.plusones.get'

看，“params”中的大括號搞砸了。

我不知道如何使用urllib來解決這個問題。 所以我會推薦請求庫。 http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/quickstart/#custom-headers

簡而言之，它看起來像這樣（你需要先安裝請求庫，例如使用pip： pip install requests ）：

     import requests
     import json

     url = 'https://clients6.google.com/rpc'
     values = {
         "method": "pos.plusones.get",
         "id": "p",
         "params": {
                    "nolog": True,
                    "id": "http://www.newswhip.com",
                    "source": "widget",
                    "userId": "@viewer",
                    "groupId": "@self"
                   },
          "jsonrpc": "2.0",
          "key": "p",
          "apiVersion": "v1"
     }
     headers = {"content-type" : "application/json"}

     req = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(values), headers=headers)
     print req.text

這個對我有用。