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在 Java 中運行 Bash 命令

[英]Running Bash commands in Java

我有以下 class。 它允許我通過 java 執行命令。

public class ExecuteShellCommand {

public String executeCommand(String command) {

    StringBuffer output = new StringBuffer();

    Process p;
    try {
        p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(command);
        p.waitFor();
        BufferedReader reader = 
                        new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream()));

        String line = "";           
        while ((line = reader.readLine())!= null) {
            output.append(line + "\n");
        }

    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

    return output.toString();

}

}

當我運行命令時,不會保存上一個命令的結果。 例如:

public static void main(String args[]) {

    ExecuteShellCommand com = new ExecuteShellCommand();
    System.out.println(com.executeCommand("ls"));
    System.out.println(com.executeCommand("cd bin"));
    System.out.println(com.executeCommand("ls"));

}

給出 output:

bin
src


bin
src

為什么第二個“ls”命令不顯示“bin”目錄的內容?

使用Runtime.exec(command)啟動新進程。 每個進程都有一個工作目錄。 這通常是啟動父進程的目錄,但您可以更改進程啟動的目錄。

我建議使用ProcessBuilder

ProcessBuilder pb = new ProcessBuilder("ls");
pb.inheritIO();
pb.directory(new File("bin"));
pb.start();

如果要在shell中運行多個命令,最好創建一個臨時shell腳本並運行它。

public void executeCommands() throws IOException {

    File tempScript = createTempScript();

    try {
        ProcessBuilder pb = new ProcessBuilder("bash", tempScript.toString());
        pb.inheritIO();
        Process process = pb.start();
        process.waitFor();
    } finally {
        tempScript.delete();
    }
}

public File createTempScript() throws IOException {
    File tempScript = File.createTempFile("script", null);

    Writer streamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(
            tempScript));
    PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(streamWriter);

    printWriter.println("#!/bin/bash");
    printWriter.println("cd bin");
    printWriter.println("ls");

    printWriter.close();

    return tempScript;
}

當然,您也可以在系統上使用任何其他腳本。 在運行時生成腳本有時會有意義,例如,如果執行的命令必須更改。 但是您應該首先嘗試創建一個可以使用參數調用的腳本,而不是在運行時動態生成它。

如果腳本生成很復雜,使用像velocity這樣的模板引擎也可能是合理的。

你可以形成一個復雜的bash命令來執行所有操作:“ls; cd bin; ls”。 要完成這項工作,您需要顯式調用bash。 這種方法應該為您提供bash命令行的所有功能(報價處理,$擴展,管道等)。

/**
 * Execute a bash command. We can handle complex bash commands including
 * multiple executions (; | && ||), quotes, expansions ($), escapes (\), e.g.:
 *     "cd /abc/def; mv ghi 'older ghi '$(whoami)"
 * @param command
 * @return true if bash got started, but your command may have failed.
 */
public static boolean executeBashCommand(String command) {
    boolean success = false;
    System.out.println("Executing BASH command:\n   " + command);
    Runtime r = Runtime.getRuntime();
    // Use bash -c so we can handle things like multi commands separated by ; and
    // things like quotes, $, |, and \. My tests show that command comes as
    // one argument to bash, so we do not need to quote it to make it one thing.
    // Also, exec may object if it does not have an executable file as the first thing,
    // so having bash here makes it happy provided bash is installed and in path.
    String[] commands = {"bash", "-c", command};
    try {
        Process p = r.exec(commands);

        p.waitFor();
        BufferedReader b = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream()));
        String line = "";

        while ((line = b.readLine()) != null) {
            System.out.println(line);
        }

        b.close();
        success = true;
    } catch (Exception e) {
        System.err.println("Failed to execute bash with command: " + command);
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return success;
}

每次調用都在它自己的shell中執行。 因此第三次調用的“cd”沒有被第三次調用看到。

請參閱: https//docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/Runtime.html#exec(java.lang.String)

這表明該命令在單獨的進程中運行。 因此,您產生了3個進程。

如果你想在同一個過程中全部3,請嘗試這樣:

com.executeCommand("ls; cd bin; ls");

你運行的每個命令都有自己的bash shell,所以一旦你cd到那個目錄,下一個命令你打開新的bash shell

嘗試將命令更改為

ls bin

每個命令都是單獨執行的。 他們不同意上下文。

你可以使用bash命令“pmset -g batt”,就像下面的方法一樣,返回電池百分比

public int getPercentage() {
    Process process = null;
    try {
        process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("pmset -g batt");
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
            process.getInputStream()));
    String s = null;
    String y = "";
    while (true) {
        try {
            if (!((s = reader.readLine()) != null)) break;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        y += s;
        System.out.println("Script output: " + s);
    }
    return Integer.parseInt(y.substring(y.indexOf(')') + 2, y.indexOf('%')));
}

供將來參考:在cd之后運行bash命令,在子目錄中:

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;

/*

$ ( D=somewhere/else ; mkdir -p $D ; cd $D ; touch file1 file2 ; )
$ javac BashCdTest.java && java BashCdTest
 .. stdout: -rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 0 Dec 28 12:47 file1
 .. stdout: -rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 0 Dec 28 12:47 file2
 .. stderr: /bin/ls: cannot access isnt_there: No such file or directory
 .. exit code:2

*/
class BashCdTest
    {
    static void execCommand(String[] commandArr)
        {
        String line;
        try
            {
            Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(commandArr);
            BufferedReader stdoutReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream()));
            while ((line = stdoutReader.readLine()) != null) {
                // process procs standard output here
                System.out.println(" .. stdout: "+line);
                }
            BufferedReader stderrReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(p.getErrorStream()));
            while ((line = stderrReader.readLine()) != null) {
                // process procs standard error here
                System.err.println(" .. stderr: "+line);
                }
            int retValue = p.waitFor();
            System.out.println(" .. exit code:"+Integer.toString(retValue));
            }
        catch(Exception e)
            { System.err.println(e.toString()); }
        }

    public static void main(String[] args)
        {
        String flist = "file1 file2 isnt_there";
        String outputDir = "./somewhere/else";
        String[] cmd = {
            "/bin/bash", "-c",
            "cd "+outputDir+" && /bin/ls -l "+flist+" && /bin/rm "+flist
            };
        execCommand(cmd);
        }
    }

這對我有用。

public static void executeBashCommand(String command) throws IOException, InterruptedException
{
    new ProcessBuilder("/bin/bash", "-c", command).inheritIO().start().waitFor();
}

並按照 package 導入。

import java.io.IOException;

並將主 function 更改為此。

public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception

例子:-

executeBashCommand("ls");

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