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ActionListeners JMenuItems-交叉類

[英]ActionListeners JMenuItems - Cross classes

我在這里對ActionListeners進行了非常糟糕的嘗試。

一旦嘗試單擊JMenuItem(位於MainMenu.java中),我試圖使用ActionListeners從另一個類(AddForm.java)中運行代碼。

首先,這里是代碼:MainMenu.java

package carparksystem;

import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;

public class MainMenu extends JFrame
{
public MainMenu()
{
    JMenuBar mainMenu = new JMenuBar();
    JMenu main = new JMenu("Menu");

    mainMenu.add(main);

    JMenuItem addCar = new JMenuItem("Add Car");
    addCar.setActionCommand("Add");
    main.add(addCar);
    //addCar.addActionListener();

    JMenuItem removeCar = new JMenuItem("Remove Car");
    removeCar.setActionCommand("Remove");
    main.add(removeCar);

    JMenuItem searchCars = new JMenuItem("Search Cars");
    searchCars.setActionCommand("Search");
    main.add(searchCars);

    setJMenuBar(mainMenu);

    /*
    //Add action listener for the Add Car button
    addCar.addActionListener
    (
        new ActionListener()
            {
                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) 
                {
                    MainMenu.windowClosed();
                }    
            }        
    );
    */
}
}

AddForm.java:

package carparksystem;

import javax.swing.ButtonGroup;
import javax.swing.GroupLayout;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JRadioButton;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.WindowConstants;
import javax.swing.JFrame;

public class AddForm extends JFrame
{
public AddForm()
{        
    JLabel regNumLabel = new JLabel("Registration Number:");
    JLabel highValLabel = new JLabel("High Value?");
    JLabel largeLabel = new JLabel("Large Vehicle?");

    JRadioButton btnYesHighVal = new JRadioButton("Yes", false);
    JRadioButton btnNoHighVal = new JRadioButton("No", true);
    JRadioButton btnYesLarge = new JRadioButton("Yes", false);
    JRadioButton btnNoLarge = new JRadioButton("No", true);

    ButtonGroup highVal = new ButtonGroup();        //allows just one radio button from the group to be selected
    highVal.add(btnYesHighVal);
    highVal.add(btnNoHighVal);

    ButtonGroup largeCar = new ButtonGroup();       //allows just one radio button from the group to be selected
    largeCar.add(btnYesLarge);
    largeCar.add(btnNoLarge);

    JTextField regNumField = new JTextField();

    JButton addCar = new JButton("   Add  ");
    JButton addCancel = new JButton("Cancel");

    GroupLayout addLayout = new GroupLayout(getContentPane());      //chosen to display components in group layout
    getContentPane().setLayout(addLayout);
    addLayout.setAutoCreateGaps(true);
    addLayout.setAutoCreateContainerGaps(true);

    addLayout.setHorizontalGroup(addLayout.createSequentialGroup()
        .addGroup(addLayout.createParallelGroup(GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
            .addComponent(regNumLabel)
            .addComponent(highValLabel)
            .addComponent(largeLabel))
        .addGroup(addLayout.createParallelGroup(GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
            .addComponent(regNumField)
            .addGroup(addLayout.createSequentialGroup()
                .addGroup(addLayout.createParallelGroup(GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
                .addComponent(btnYesHighVal)
                .addComponent(btnYesLarge))
            .addGroup(addLayout.createParallelGroup(GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
                .addComponent(btnNoHighVal)
                .addComponent(btnNoLarge))))
        .addGroup(addLayout.createParallelGroup(GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
            .addComponent(addCar)
            .addComponent(addCancel))
    );

    addLayout.setVerticalGroup(addLayout.createSequentialGroup()
        .addGroup(addLayout.createParallelGroup(GroupLayout.Alignment.BASELINE)
            .addComponent(regNumLabel)
            .addComponent(regNumField)
            .addComponent(addCar))
        .addGroup(addLayout.createParallelGroup(GroupLayout.Alignment.LEADING)
            .addGroup(addLayout.createSequentialGroup()
                .addGroup(addLayout.createParallelGroup(GroupLayout.Alignment.BASELINE)
                    .addComponent(highValLabel)
                    .addComponent(btnYesHighVal)
                    .addComponent(btnNoHighVal))
                .addGroup(addLayout.createParallelGroup(GroupLayout.Alignment.BASELINE)
                    .addComponent(largeLabel)    
                    .addComponent(btnYesLarge)
                    .addComponent(btnNoLarge)))
                .addComponent(addCancel))
        );

    setSize(375, 150);
    setTitle("Add Car");
    setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
}

在主框架上,我繪制了一系列形狀,這些形狀將首先顯示在框架上。 上方將有一個JMenu,菜單中有JMenuItems添加,刪除和搜索汽車。

單擊這些添加刪除和搜索“菜單按鈕”后,它們將打開相應的表單,該表單將允許用戶輸入數據。

當我在有和沒有動作監聽器的情況下運行代碼時,它會正常運行,但菜單根本不會鏈接。 好像他們沒有意義?

一些基本問題:

  • 如果一個類要影響另一個類,則需要引用該另一類,以便它可以使用其所有方法。
  • 因此,如果您的MainMenu類需要更改AddForm類的狀態,則發生這種情況的一種方法是MainMenu需要一個AddForm字段,更重要的是,該字段必須引用當前活動的AddForm對象。
  • 更好的程序結構是使用MVC或Model-View-Control結構,其中兩個視圖通過共享模型連接,但這對於您的簡單程序而言可能有點高級。 但是,如果您要遵循最佳實踐,這就是要走的路。 這個例子展示了一個更簡單的View-Control思想,它也可以起作用。
  • GUI具有多個頂級窗口通常是一個壞主意,對於Java而言,這意味着多個JFrame。 最好有一個主窗口,如果需要可以使用CardLayout交換其他視圖,或者如果需要可以在對話框窗口中顯示。 請檢查使用多個JFrame,良好/不良做法?

對於一個簡單的非MVC示例,您可以使用一個第二個類的調用方法。 假設一個JPanel擁有一個名為View1的JList,該JList具有一個公共方法addItem(String item) ,該方法將項添加到JList的模型中:

public class View1 extends JPanel {
   private static final String PROTOTYPE = String.format("%50s", " ");
   private DefaultListModel<String> listModel = new DefaultListModel<>();
   private JList<String> list = new JList<>(listModel);

   public View1() {
      list.setPrototypeCellValue(PROTOTYPE);
      list.setVisibleRowCount(8);
      JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(list);
      scrollPane.setVerticalScrollBarPolicy(JScrollPane.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_ALWAYS);
      add(scrollPane);
   }

   public void addItem(String item) {
      listModel.addElement(item);
   }
}

考慮第二個JPanel類View2,該類包含JTextArea和JButton以及View1的實例。 然后,第二個類可以調用View1的addItem(...)方法:

public class View2 extends JPanel {
   private View1 view1;
   private JTextField textField = new JTextField(10);

   public View2(View1 view1) {
      Action addItemAction = new AddItemAction();
      this.view1 = view1;
      add(textField);
      add(new JButton(addItemAction));
      textField.setAction(addItemAction);
   }

   private class AddItemAction extends AbstractAction {
      public AddItemAction() {
         super("Add Item");
         putValue(MNEMONIC_KEY, KeyEvent.VK_A);
      }

      @Override
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
         view1.addItem(textField.getText()); // *** calls view1's method here
         textField.selectAll();
      }
   }
}

然后,您可以創建兩個類,將View1傳遞給View2的構造函數

  View1 view1 = new View1();
  View2 view2 = new View2(view1);

然后將一個放入JFrame,將另一個放入非模式JDialog並顯示。 例如:

import java.awt.Dialog.ModalityType;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;

import javax.swing.*;

public class SimpleGuis {
   private static void createAndShowGui() {
      View1 view1 = new View1();
      View2 view2 = new View2(view1);

      JFrame frame = new JFrame("SimpleGuis");
      frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
      frame.getContentPane().add(view1);
      frame.pack();
      frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
      frame.setVisible(true);

      JDialog dialog = new JDialog(frame, "View2", ModalityType.MODELESS);
      dialog.add(view2);
      dialog.pack();
      dialog.setLocationByPlatform(true);
      dialog.setVisible(true);
   }

   public static void main(String[] args) {
      SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
         public void run() {
            createAndShowGui();
         }
      });
   }
}

class View1 extends JPanel {
   private static final String PROTOTYPE = String.format("%50s", " ");
   private DefaultListModel<String> listModel = new DefaultListModel<>();
   private JList<String> list = new JList<>(listModel);

   public View1() {
      list.setPrototypeCellValue(PROTOTYPE);
      list.setVisibleRowCount(8);
      JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(list);
      scrollPane.setVerticalScrollBarPolicy(JScrollPane.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_ALWAYS);
      add(scrollPane);
   }

   public void addItem(String item) {
      listModel.addElement(item);
   }
}

class View2 extends JPanel {
   private View1 view1;
   private JTextField textField = new JTextField(10);

   public View2(View1 view1) {
      Action addItemAction = new AddItemAction();
      this.view1 = view1;
      add(textField);
      add(new JButton(addItemAction));
      textField.setAction(addItemAction);
   }

   private class AddItemAction extends AbstractAction {
      public AddItemAction() {
         super("Add Item");
         putValue(MNEMONIC_KEY, KeyEvent.VK_A);
      }

      @Override
      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
         view1.addItem(textField.getText());
         textField.selectAll();
      }
   }
}

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