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使用ramdisk作為rootfs引導時找不到初始化進程

[英]Init process not found when booting with ramdisk as rootfs

我正在嘗試為使用AT91SAM9261和2.6.30內核的設置設置虛擬磁盤。 我知道您會說我為什么不使用initramfs? 我還將使用其中一個,到目前為止,我想檢查是否可以使用Ramdisk作為rootfs進行引導。

我已經以jffs2格式在該系統上正常運行了root fs。 我在下面的教程中使用:

http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/l-initrd/

因此,我直接在嵌入式目標上創建了ramdisk,大小為4MB。 我使用了“ dd”和“ mkefs”,並且當rootfs是我的jffs2時,如果將其掛載為循環,則ramdisk映像可以正常工作。 我可以瀏覽mount_point並在其中做一些事情。 根據上面鏈接中的“手動構建初始RAM磁盤”部分創建了內容。

在/ dev中,我放置了null,在控制台中,在/ bin中,我復制了busybox並創建了鏈接。 我也將execute屬性設置為init腳本,當我在此處運行它時,它可以正常工作(作為循環設備,以jffs2作為rootfs)

在我的內核配置中,我啟用了ramdisk支持,如下所示:

CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD=y
CONFIG_RD_GZIP=y

CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM=y
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM_COUNT=16
CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM_SIZE=4096

我使用tftp將ramdisk映像下載到0x21100000。 在0x20008000,我將內核解壓縮,在0x22000000,將zImage復制。

但是,我無法成功啟動系統,因為它在檢查init進程時掛起。 正如我提到的,我多次檢查可以執行我的初始化,

我還在bootargs init = / bin / busybox或其他腳本/二進制文件中使用過命令來檢查是否可以將其用作init。

我現在使用的命令行:

bootargs = 64M控制台= ttyS0,115200 root = / dev / ram0 rw initrd = 0x21100000,4194304 init = / init

對於某些人,我將所有權設置為“沒人”只是為了檢查是否有任何區別。 從日志輸出中可以看到,ramdisk已安裝,但初始化失敗。 它給出了檢查ext2圖像的警告,這是我在復制它之前所做的,並且沒有錯誤報告。

tftp服務器在Windows7上。 如果我將ramdisk映像從linux復制到Windows,然后從Windows服務器執行tftp,則可能會有些不兼容。 因此,我再次將映像從Windows復制到linux,掛載它,並檢查FS是否報告任何錯誤並且腳本可以執行-一切正常。

因此,我確實已將所有文件都放在適當的位置,並設置了屬性,並且將ramdisk報告為可以作為rootfs掛載,但是找不到init。

 Uncompressing Linux......................................................................................................... done, booting the kernel.
Linux version 2.6.30-olimex (mishu@KubuntuVM) (gcc version 4.3.3 (Sourcery G++ Lite 2009q1-203) ) #1 Mon Dec 29 13:53:54 CET 2014
CPU: ARM926EJ-S [41069265] revision 5 (ARMv5TEJ), cr=00053177
CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVT instruction cache
Machine: Olimex SAM9-L9261
Ignoring unrecognised tag 0x54410008
Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
Clocks: CPU 198 MHz, master 99 MHz, main 18.432 MHz
Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 16256
Kernel command line: 64M console=ttyS0,115200 root=/dev/ram0 rw initrd=0x21100000,4194304 init=/init
NR_IRQS:192
AT91: 96 gpio irqs in 3 banks
PID hash table entries: 256 (order: 8, 1024 bytes)
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
console [ttyS0] enabled
Dentry cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
Memory: 64MB = 64MB total
Memory: 57384KB available (2924K code, 246K data, 132K init, 0K highmem)
Calibrating delay loop... 99.12 BogoMIPS (lpj=495616)
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
net_namespace: 716 bytes
NET: Registered protocol family 16
AT91: Power Management
AT91: Starting after user reset
bio: create slab <bio-0> at 0
SCSI subsystem initialized
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
usbcore: registered new device driver usb
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 2048 bind 2048)
TCP reno registered
NET: Registered protocol family 1
Trying to unpack rootfs image as initramfs...
rootfs image is not initramfs (junk in compressed archive); looks like an initrd
Freeing initrd memory: 4096K
NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97 (double precision)
JFFS2 version 2.2. (NAND) (SUMMARY)  © 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
msgmni has been set to 120
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler anticipatory registered (default)
atmel_lcdfb atmel_lcdfb.0: backlight control is not available
atmel_lcdfb atmel_lcdfb.0: 225KiB frame buffer at 23140000 (mapped at ffc00000)
Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 40x30
atmel_lcdfb atmel_lcdfb.0: fb0: Atmel LCDC at 0x00600000 (mapped at c4866000), irq 21
atmel_usart.0: ttyS0 at MMIO 0xfefff200 (irq = 1) is a ATMEL_SERIAL
atmel_usart.1: ttyS1 at MMIO 0xfffb0000 (irq = 6) is a ATMEL_SERIAL
brd: module loaded
loop: module loaded
ssc ssc.1: Atmel SSC device at 0xc4878000 (irq 15)
Driver 'sd' needs updating - please use bus_type methods
dm9000 Ethernet Driver, V1.31
eth0 (dm9000): not using net_device_ops yet
eth0: dm9000e at c486a000,c486e044 IRQ 107 MAC: 3a:1f:34:08:54:64 (chip)
NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0xdc (Samsung NAND 512MiB 3,3V 8-bit)
Scanning device for bad blocks
Bad eraseblock 1478 at 0x00000b8c0000
Creating 2 MTD partitions on "atmel_nand":
0x000000000000-0x000000040000 : "Partition 1"
0x000000040000-0x000020000000 : "Partition 2"
atmel_spi atmel_spi.0: Atmel SPI Controller at 0xfffc8000 (irq 12)
ohci_hcd: USB 1.1 'Open' Host Controller (OHCI) Driver
at91_ohci at91_ohci: AT91 OHCI
at91_ohci at91_ohci: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
at91_ohci at91_ohci: irq 20, io mem 0x00500000
usb usb1: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0001
usb usb1: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1
usb usb1: Product: AT91 OHCI
usb usb1: Manufacturer: Linux 2.6.30-olimex ohci_hcd
usb usb1: SerialNumber: at91
usb usb1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice
hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 1-0:1.0: 2 ports detected
Initializing USB Mass Storage driver...
usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
USB Mass Storage support registered.
udc: at91_udc version 3 May 2006
g_serial gadget: Gadget Serial v2.4
g_serial gadget: g_serial ready
mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
input: gpio-keys as /class/input/input0
ads7846 spi0.2: touchscreen, irq 29
input: ADS784x Touchscreen as /class/input/input1
rtc-at91sam9 at91_rtt.0: rtc core: registered at91_rtt as rtc0
IRQ 1/rtc0: IRQF_DISABLED is not guaranteed on shared IRQs
rtc-at91sam9 at91_rtt.0: rtc0: SET TIME!
i2c /dev entries driver
i2c-gpio: probe of i2c-gpio failed with error -16
Registered led device: led1
Registered led device: led2
Registered led device: led3
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version 1.0.20.
at73c213 spi0.3: at73c213: supported bitrate is 48500 (64 divider)
usb 1-1: new full speed USB device using at91_ohci and address 2
usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=0457, idProduct=0151
usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=0, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
usb 1-1: Product: USB Mass Storage Device
usb 1-1: SerialNumber: 8d54bd8186b42c
usb 1-1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice
scsi0 : SCSI emulation for USB Mass Storage devices
ALSA device list:
  #0: SAM9-L9261 external DAC on irq 15
TCP cubic registered
NET: Registered protocol family 17
RPC: Registered udp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
rtc-at91sam9 at91_rtt.0: hctosys: unable to read the hardware clock
RAMDISK: ext2 filesystem found at block 0
RAMDISK: Loading 4096KiB [1 disk] into ram disk... done.
EXT2-fs warning: mounting unchecked fs, running e2fsck is recommended
VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem) on device 1:0.
Freeing init memory: 132K
Failed to execute /init.  Attempting defaults...
Kernel panic - not syncing: No init found.  Try passing init= option to kernel.
[<c002f414>] (unwind_backtrace+0x0/0xdc) from [<c025bd34>] (panic+0x40/0x110)
[<c025bd34>] (panic+0x40/0x110) from [<c0029500>] (init_post+0xd0/0xf8)
[<c0029500>] (init_post+0xd0/0xf8) from [<c00085a0>] (kernel_init+0xbc/0xe4)
[<c00085a0>] (kernel_init+0xbc/0xe4) from [<c0041998>] (do_exit+0x0/0x5ac)
[<c0041998>] (do_exit+0x0/0x5ac) from [<00000001>] (0x1)

我打算重建busybox並再試一次,但是當我將當前的ramdisk映像安裝為循環時,它可以正常工作,所以我不太有信心它會改變某些東西。 我沒主意了。 我整天都在努力使它工作。

非常感謝您的幫助。

謝謝。

缺少庫是放置在ramdisk上的非可執行init的根本原因。 事實證明,使用chroot非常有用。 通過這個問題,我學習了如何使用chroot和模擬監獄。

另一個技巧是在命令行中使用user_debug=31 ,以便內核將輸出一條消息,指出未找到該文件。 看起來“找不到文件”並沒有真正指向丟失的文件,而是由於busybox無法正確執行(缺少庫)而導致無法讀取文件系統。

並行地,我為arm體系結構動態編譯了busybox 1.20.02,並且ramdisk正常工作(沒有lib)。 當我編譯並運行busybox時,此user_debug=31再次變得有用,因為它在裝入ramdisk后也失敗了,但是拋出了“未定義的異常”,導致我在編譯busybox時使用了錯誤的“ arch”值。 更改后,一切都很好。

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