[英]how to access a variable from outside a function/instance
我有這個非常簡單的JavaScript代碼,應該使用參數firstname
和lastname
返回全名。當我在函數中提醒全名時,All都可以正常工作。 但是我正在努力如何使fullname
變量可以從函數/實例外部訪問?
這是我的代碼:
var getName = function () {
this.name = function (firstname, lastname, success) {
var fullName = firstname + " " + lastname;
success(fullName);
};
};
var test = new getName();
test.name("John", "Smith", function (output) {
var fullname = output;
alert(fullname); //this works fine
return fullname; // I need this variable to be accessed from outside this function
});
var myName = fullname; //I need to create the variable here
alert(myName); //this does not work
這是小提琴
非常感謝您的幫助。
編輯:我正在構建一個iPad應用程序,其中我使用了cordova和javascript插件。 其中一個插件使我可以訪問設備內部的文件。 現在,我需要能夠獲取路徑並在回調之外使用它,以便可以在范圍內的任何地方使用:
這是插件代碼:
var FileManager = function(){
this.get_path = function(todir,tofilename, success){
fail = (typeof fail == 'undefined')? Log('FileManager','read file fail'): fail;
this.load_file(
todir,
tofilename,
function(fileEntry){
var sPath = fileEntry.toURL();
success(sPath);
},
Log('fail')
);
}
this.load_file = function(dir, file, success, fail, dont_repeat){
if(!dir || dir =='')
{
Log('error','msg')('No file should be created, without a folder, to prevent a mess');
fail();
return;
}
fail = (typeof fail == 'undefined')? Log('FileManager','load file fail'): fail;
var full_file_path = dir+'/'+file;
var object = this;
// get fileSystem
fileSystemSingleton.load(
function(fs){
var dont_repeat_inner = dont_repeat;
// get file handler
console.log(fs.root);
fs.root.getFile(
full_file_path,
{create: true, exclusive: false},
success,
function(error){
if(dont_repeat == true){
Log('FileManager','error')('recurring error, gettingout of here!');
return;
}
// if target folder does not exist, create it
if(error.code == 3){
Log('FileManager','msg')('folder does not exist, creating it');
var a = new DirManager();
a.create_r(
dir,
function(){
Log('FileManager','mesg')('trying to create the file again: '+file);
object.load_file(dir,file,success,fail,true);
},
fail
);
return;
}
fail(error);
}
);
}
);
};
}
這是我的用法:
var b = new FileManager(); // Initialize a File manager
b.get_path('Documents','data.json',function(path){
myPath = path;
console.log(myPath); //this gives me the path of the file in the console, which works fine
return myPath; //I return the path to be accessed outside
});
var filePath = myPath; //here I need to access the path variable
console.log(filePath)// here, the path is undefined and it does not work
//Since I'm using angular services to retrieve the data from json, I'd like to pass the filePath
//this is a fraction of code for retrieving data:
return $resource('data.json',{}, {'query': {method: 'GET', isArray: false}});
//passing the value does not work
return $resource(filePath,{}, {'query': {method: 'GET', isArray: false}});
//even wrapping resource around instance does not work, it breaks the whole app
b.get_path('Documents','data.json',function(path){
myPath = path;
console.log(myPath); //this gives me the path of the file in the console, which works fine
return $resource(myPath,{}, {'query': {method: 'GET', isArray: false}});
});
工廠服務:
'use strict';
angular
.module ('myApp')
.factory('getMeData', function ($resource) {
var b = new FileManager(); // Initialize a File manager
b.get_path('Documents','data.json',function(path){
myPath = path;
return myPath;
});
//below doesn't work when passing path (it is undefined)
return $resource(myPath,{}, {'query': {method: 'GET', isArray: false}});
//when wrapping it around, the app crashes
b.get_path('Documents','data.json',function(path){
myPath = path;
return $resource(myPath,{}, {'query': {method: 'GET', isArray: false}});
});
//none of the solution above work
});
如果您具有name
函數,則返回success
的結果,那么您可以使用方法中的return。
即
var getName = function () {
this.name = function (firstname, lastname, success) {
var fullName = firstname + " " + lastname;
return success(fullName);
};
};
var test = new getName();
var myName = test.name("John", "Smith", function (output) {
var fullname = output;
alert(fullname); //this works fine
return fullname; // I need this variable to be accessed from outside this function
});
alert(myName);
在回調之外定義fullname
。
var getName = function () {
this.name = function (firstname, lastname, success) {
var fullName = firstname + " " + lastname;
success(fullName);
};
};
var test = new getName();
var fullname;
test.name("John", "Smith", function (output) {
fullname = output;
alert(fullname); //this works fine
return fullname; // I need this variable to be accessed from outside this function
});
alert(fullname);
希望能幫助到你。 小提琴
如果需要異步:
假設實際的代碼源是一個異步代碼,現在已從您的注釋中確認,您應該只在回調中處理結果。 該值在回調之外根本不可用,因為結果稍后到達。
@Jim和@ bestmike007的答案不適用於異步操作,因為它從回調內部返回一個值,該回調可能在函數運行很長時間后發生。 (注意:@ bestmike007確實在注釋中鏈接了一個改進的答案)。
例如,看看這里發生了什么: http : //fiddle.jshell.net/y1m36w9p/1/或這里http://jsfiddle.net/TrueBlueAussie/opczeuqw/1/
使用異步代碼的唯一方法是異步方式。 這意味着您只能在回調內部處理結果:
// Get the fullname asyc and process the result
test.name("John", "Smith", function (fullname) {
alert(fullname); // you can only work with the result in here
});
另一種方法是返回一個jQuery promise
從getName.name()
但最終的結果仍然是回調做的工作,但是這一次它是這樣的:
test.name("John", "Smith").done(function(fullname){
alert(fullname); // you can only work with the result in here
});
但這是更多的代碼和復雜性,暫時沒有額外的好處。
對於您特定的更新示例代碼:
我對Angular不夠熟悉,無法確認這一點,因此需要了解如何getMeData
,但是您應該使用另一個回調作為注冊的getMeData
函數的參數:
'use strict';
angular
.module ('myApp')
.factory('getMeData', function ($resource, callback) {
var b = new FileManager(); // Initialize a File manager
b.get_path('Documents','data.json',function(path){
callback($resource(path,{}, {'query': {method: 'GET', isArray: false}}));
});
});
如果異步不需要 (廢棄的選項)
如果(如下面先前的矛盾評論所述)這並不意味着要異步,那么根本不要使用回調,只需返回值的簡單函數/方法即可: http : //fiddle.jshell.net/y1m36w9p/2/
例如
var getName = function () {
this.name = function (firstname, lastname) {
return firstname + " " + lastname;
};
};
// Create a instance of the getName class
var test = new getName();
// Get the fullname asyc and process the result
var fullname = test.name("John", "Smith");
// Do what you like with the value returned from the function
alert(fullname);
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