AttributeError：'module'對象沒有屬性python

Question

我是python的新手，並嘗試按照此處描述的步驟安裝python 2.7.9。 安裝失敗，並出現以下錯誤：

python make: *** [libinstall] Error 1

我嘗試重新安裝以前版本的python：

sudo apt-get install --reinstall  python2.7-dev

安裝正常進行。 但是，現在，當嘗試導入hashlib時，我收到以下錯誤：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./server.py", line 5, in <module>
    import hashlib
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/hashlib.py", line 138, in <module>
    _hashlib.openssl_md_meth_names)
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'openssl_md_meth_names'

我也無法使用pip安裝任何軟件包，因為提供的唯一輸出如下：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/pip", line 5, in <module>
    from pkg_resources import load_entry_point
ImportError: No module named pkg_resources

我安裝了python-setuptools ：

sudo apt-get install python-setuptools

無論輸入如何， pip仍然提供相同的輸出。 跟着這個問題我跑了：

curl -O https://bitbucket.org/pypa/setuptools/raw/bootstrap/ez_setup.py
chmod +x ez_setup.py
python ez_setup.py

輸出是：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "ez_setup.py", line 19, in <module>
    import tempfile
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/tempfile.py", line 35, in <module>
    from random import Random as _Random
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/random.py", line 49, in <module>
    import hashlib as _hashlib
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/hashlib.py", line 138, in <module>
    _hashlib.openssl_md_meth_names)
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'openssl_md_meth_names'

問題在哪里？

編輯＃1：

sudo apt-get install --reinstall python2.7-dev的輸出似乎正常：

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  libjs-sphinxdoc linux-headers-generic linux-image-generic
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 reinstalled, 0 to remove and 310 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/269 kB of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
(Reading database ... 219657 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../python2.7-dev_2.7.6-8_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking python2.7-dev (2.7.6-8) over (2.7.6-8) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1) ...
Setting up python2.7-dev (2.7.6-8) ...

編輯＃2：

我發現這個問題解決了類似的問題。 它指向此線程使用checkinstall來檢索所有寫入的文件並從中創建.deb包：

sudo apt-get install checkinstall  # install the checkinstall package
cd /home/user/Python-2.7.9
sudo checkinstall -D --fstrans=no make install   # make the deb package

運行最后一個命令后，提供的輸出與make install給出的輸出相同：

...
Listing /usr/lib/python2.7/xml/parsers ...
Compiling /usr/lib/python2.7/xml/parsers/__init__.py ...
Compiling /usr/lib/python2.7/xml/parsers/expat.py ...
Listing /usr/lib/python2.7/xml/sax ...
Compiling /usr/lib/python2.7/xml/sax/__init__.py ...
Compiling /usr/lib/python2.7/xml/sax/_exceptions.py ...
Compiling /usr/lib/python2.7/xml/sax/expatreader.py ...
Compiling /usr/lib/python2.7/xml/sax/handler.py ...
Compiling /usr/lib/python2.7/xml/sax/saxutils.py ...
Compiling /usr/lib/python2.7/xml/sax/xmlreader.py ...
Compiling /usr/lib/python2.7/xmllib.py ...
Compiling /usr/lib/python2.7/xmlrpclib.py ...
Compiling /usr/lib/python2.7/zipfile.py ...
make: *** [libinstall] Error 1

編輯＃3：

似乎所有腳本都無法運行。 我正在研究簽名算法（用於比特幣）， 這里提到的工具（bu，tx）都輸出相同的錯誤：

 Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/bin/bu", line 5, in <module>
    from pkg_resources import load_entry_point
ImportError: No module named pkg_resources

編輯＃4：

我也試過這里提到的方法。 python get-pip.py的輸出如下：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "get-pip.py", line 28, in <module>
    import tempfile
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/tempfile.py", line 35, in <module>
    from random import Random as _Random
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/random.py", line 49, in <module>
    import hashlib as _hashlib
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/hashlib.py", line 138, in <module>
    _hashlib.openssl_md_meth_names)
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'openssl_md_meth_names'

如果我評論該行：

import tempfile

然后執行繼續到第141行：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "get-pip.py", line 19892, in <module>
    main()
  File "get-pip.py", line 141, in main
    tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
NameError: global name 'tempfile' is not defined

意思是導入以下庫：

import os.path
import pkgutil
import shutil
import sys
import struct
# import tempfile

成功。 這讓我相信python2.7.9的安裝只是部分完成（正如在這個問題的評論中明智地建議的那樣）。

編輯＃5：

我已經重新配置了配置和編譯步驟：

./configure --prefix=/usr       \
            --enable-shared     \
            --with-system-expat \
            --with-system-ffi   \
            --enable-unicode=ucs4 &&
make

構建終止於：

Python build finished, but the necessary bits to build these modules were not found:
bsddb185           dl                 imageop         
sunaudiodev                                           
To find the necessary bits, look in setup.py in detect_modules() for the module's name.

running build_scripts

這些模塊必不可少？

Answer 1

這是一個老話題，但我的答案可能在將來幫助其他人。

步驟1.通過以下方法檢查_hashlib.openssl_md_meth_names，並且不會顯示錯誤。

$ python
Python 2.7.9 (default, Oct 20 2016, 07:39:46) 
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import _hashlib
>>> _hashlib.openssl_md_meth_names
frozenset(['SHA256', 'SHA512', 'dsaWithSHA', 'md4', 'sha256', 'sha512', 'RIPEMD160', 'md5', 'whirlpool', 'SHA1', 'SHA224', 'SHA', 'SHA384', 'ecdsa-with-SHA1', 'MD4', 'DSA', 'sha1', 'DSA-SHA', 'sha224', 'dsaEncryption', 'ripemd160', 'sha', 'MD5', 'sha384'])
>>> 

第2步：

改變以下行：

File "/usr/lib/python2.7/random.py", line 49, in <module>
import hashlib as _hashlib

成：

import _hashlib

然后它完成了。

Answer 2

文件“/usr/lib/python2.7/hashlib.py”，第138行，在_hashlib.openssl_md_meth_names中）AttributeError：'module'對象沒有屬性'openssl_md_meth_names'

可以通過運行修復：

pip install hashlib

要么

easyinstall hashlib

要么

easy_install-2.7 hashlib

Answer 3

在我的情況下，我使用virtualenv只是將virtualenv文件夾從舊機器復制到新...在我新的時候，當我嘗試安裝pip包時，它拋出了這個錯誤..

我通過再次創建新的virtualenv重新安裝的pip包解決了這個問題...