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c - 無法管道三個進程

[英]c - Can't pipe three processes

我一直在嘗試在c: cat / etc / passwd中實現以下命令 cut -f1 -d:| 分類

這是我到目前為止的代碼。 第一個管道正常工作但第二個管道似乎根本不起作用。

我一遍又一遍地檢查代碼,但看不出有什么不對。 任何人都可以提出一個可以解決我的問題的建議嗎?

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main(void)
    {
        int pipe_A[2];
        int pipe_B[2];

        pipe(pipe_A);
        pipe(pipe_B);

        pid_t pid_A, pid_B, pid_C;

        if( !(pid_A = fork()) ) {
            close(1);       /* close normal stdout */
            dup(pipe_A[1]);   /* make stdout same as pipe_A[1] */
            close(pipe_A[0]); /* we don't need this */
            execlp("/bin/cat", "cat", "/etc/passwd" ,  NULL);
        }

        if( !(pid_B = fork()) ) {
            close(0);       /* close normal stdin */
            dup(pipe_A[0]);   /* make stdin same as pipe_A[0] */
            close(pipe_A[1]); /* we don't need this */

            close(1);   /* close normal stdout */
            dup(pipe_B[1]);   /* make stdout same as pipe_B[1] */
            close(pipe_B[0]); /* we don't need this */
            execlp("/usr/bin/cut", "cut", "-f1", "-d:", NULL);
       }

       if( !(pid_C = fork()) ) {
            close(0);       /* close normal stdin */
            dup(pipe_B[0]);   /* make stdin same as pipe_B[0] */
            close(pipe_B[1]); /* we don't need this */
            execlp("/usr/bin/sort", "sort", NULL);
       }

    return 0;
}

謝謝。

問題是你正在泄漏開放的FD。 請注意,每次調用fork時,所有打開的管道都由子進程繼承,但具有dup'ed FD的管道無法正常工作。

例如, cat繼承了pipe_B讀取和寫入pipe_B 同樣, sort繼承了pipe_A兩個pipe_A

正確的方法是沿着(但我建議使用dup2()代替):

int main(void)
{
    int pipe_A[2];
    int pipe_B[2];
    pid_t pid_A, pid_B, pid_C;

    pipe(pipe_A);

    if( !(pid_A = fork()) ) {
        close(pipe_A[0]); // A-read not needed here

        close(1);
        dup(pipe_A[1]);
        close(pipe_A[1]); //do not pass A-write twice

        execlp("/bin/cat", "cat", "/etc/passwd" ,  NULL);
    }

    close(pipe_A[1]); // A-write not needed anymore

    pipe(pipe_B); //do not create this pipe until needed

    if( !(pid_B = fork()) ) {
        close(pipe_B[0]); // B-read not needed here

        close(0);
        dup(pipe_A[0]);
        close(pipe_A[0]); //do not pass A-read twice


        close(1);
        dup(pipe_B[1]);
        close(pipe_B[1]); //do not pass B-write twice

        execlp("/usr/bin/cut", "cut", "-f1", "-d:", NULL);
   }
   close(pipe_A[0]); // A-read not needed anymore
   close(pipe_B[1]); // B-write not needed anymore

   if( !(pid_C = fork()) ) {

        close(0);
        dup(pipe_B[0]);
        close(pipe_B[0]); // do not pass B-read twice

        execlp("/usr/bin/sort", "sort", NULL);
   }
   close(pipe_B[0]); // B-read not needed anymore
   return 0;
}

如果你分析我的代碼(如果我寫得正確),假設父進程只有FDs 0,1和2,那么每個execlp()都會得到3個FD,0,1和2。

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