[英]How to find out Chinese or Japanese Character in a String in Python?
如:
str = 'sdf344asfasf天地方益3権sdfsdf'
添加()
到中文和日文字符:
strAfterConvert = 'sdfasfasf(天地方益)3(権)sdfsdf'
首先,您可以檢查該字符是否位於以下unicode塊之一:
之后,您需要做的就是遍歷字符串,檢查字符是中文,日文還是韓文(CJK)並相應地追加:
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
ranges = [
{"from": ord(u"\u3300"), "to": ord(u"\u33ff")}, # compatibility ideographs
{"from": ord(u"\ufe30"), "to": ord(u"\ufe4f")}, # compatibility ideographs
{"from": ord(u"\uf900"), "to": ord(u"\ufaff")}, # compatibility ideographs
{"from": ord(u"\U0002F800"), "to": ord(u"\U0002fa1f")}, # compatibility ideographs
{'from': ord(u'\u3040'), 'to': ord(u'\u309f')}, # Japanese Hiragana
{"from": ord(u"\u30a0"), "to": ord(u"\u30ff")}, # Japanese Katakana
{"from": ord(u"\u2e80"), "to": ord(u"\u2eff")}, # cjk radicals supplement
{"from": ord(u"\u4e00"), "to": ord(u"\u9fff")},
{"from": ord(u"\u3400"), "to": ord(u"\u4dbf")},
{"from": ord(u"\U00020000"), "to": ord(u"\U0002a6df")},
{"from": ord(u"\U0002a700"), "to": ord(u"\U0002b73f")},
{"from": ord(u"\U0002b740"), "to": ord(u"\U0002b81f")},
{"from": ord(u"\U0002b820"), "to": ord(u"\U0002ceaf")} # included as of Unicode 8.0
]
def is_cjk(char):
return any([range["from"] <= ord(char) <= range["to"] for range in ranges])
def cjk_substrings(string):
i = 0
while i<len(string):
if is_cjk(string[i]):
start = i
while is_cjk(string[i]): i += 1
yield string[start:i]
i += 1
string = "sdf344asfasf天地方益3権sdfsdf".decode("utf-8")
for sub in cjk_substrings(string):
string = string.replace(sub, "(" + sub + ")")
print string
以上打印
sdf344asfasf(天地方益)3(権)sdfsdf
為了面向未來,您可能需要留意CJK Unified Ideographs Extension E.它將附帶Unicode 8.0 , 計划於2015年6月發布 。 我已將它添加到范圍中,但在發布Unicode 8.0之前不應包含它。
[編輯]
增加了CJK兼容性表意文字 , 日本假名和CJK激進派 。
您可以使用regex
包進行編輯,該包支持檢查每個字符的Unicode“ Script ”屬性,並且是re
包的替代品:
import regex as re
pattern = re.compile(r'([\p{IsHan}\p{IsBopo}\p{IsHira}\p{IsKatakana}]+)', re.UNICODE)
input = u'sdf344asfasf天地方益3権sdfsdf'
output = pattern.sub(r'(\1)', input)
print output # Prints: sdf344asfasf(天地方益)3(権)sdfsdf
您應該使用您認為是“中文或日文”的字符腳本/塊來調整\\p{Is...}
序列。
從受摩西機器翻譯工具包啟發的NLTK
最前沿分支之一 :
def is_cjk(character):
""""
Checks whether character is CJK.
>>> is_cjk(u'\u33fe')
True
>>> is_cjk(u'\uFE5F')
False
:param character: The character that needs to be checked.
:type character: char
:return: bool
"""
return any([start <= ord(character) <= end for start, end in
[(4352, 4607), (11904, 42191), (43072, 43135), (44032, 55215),
(63744, 64255), (65072, 65103), (65381, 65500),
(131072, 196607)]
])
有關ord()
數字的細節:
class CJKChars(object):
"""
An object that enumerates the code points of the CJK characters as listed on
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_Multilingual_Plane#Basic_Multilingual_Plane
This is a Python port of the CJK code point enumerations of Moses tokenizer:
https://github.com/moses-smt/mosesdecoder/blob/master/scripts/tokenizer/detokenizer.perl#L309
"""
# Hangul Jamo (1100–11FF)
Hangul_Jamo = (4352, 4607) # (ord(u"\u1100"), ord(u"\u11ff"))
# CJK Radicals Supplement (2E80–2EFF)
# Kangxi Radicals (2F00–2FDF)
# Ideographic Description Characters (2FF0–2FFF)
# CJK Symbols and Punctuation (3000–303F)
# Hiragana (3040–309F)
# Katakana (30A0–30FF)
# Bopomofo (3100–312F)
# Hangul Compatibility Jamo (3130–318F)
# Kanbun (3190–319F)
# Bopomofo Extended (31A0–31BF)
# CJK Strokes (31C0–31EF)
# Katakana Phonetic Extensions (31F0–31FF)
# Enclosed CJK Letters and Months (3200–32FF)
# CJK Compatibility (3300–33FF)
# CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A (3400–4DBF)
# Yijing Hexagram Symbols (4DC0–4DFF)
# CJK Unified Ideographs (4E00–9FFF)
# Yi Syllables (A000–A48F)
# Yi Radicals (A490–A4CF)
CJK_Radicals = (11904, 42191) # (ord(u"\u2e80"), ord(u"\ua4cf"))
# Phags-pa (A840–A87F)
Phags_Pa = (43072, 43135) # (ord(u"\ua840"), ord(u"\ua87f"))
# Hangul Syllables (AC00–D7AF)
Hangul_Syllables = (44032, 55215) # (ord(u"\uAC00"), ord(u"\uD7AF"))
# CJK Compatibility Ideographs (F900–FAFF)
CJK_Compatibility_Ideographs = (63744, 64255) # (ord(u"\uF900"), ord(u"\uFAFF"))
# CJK Compatibility Forms (FE30–FE4F)
CJK_Compatibility_Forms = (65072, 65103) # (ord(u"\uFE30"), ord(u"\uFE4F"))
# Range U+FF65–FFDC encodes halfwidth forms, of Katakana and Hangul characters
Katakana_Hangul_Halfwidth = (65381, 65500) # (ord(u"\uFF65"), ord(u"\uFFDC"))
# Supplementary Ideographic Plane 20000–2FFFF
Supplementary_Ideographic_Plane = (131072, 196607) # (ord(u"\U00020000"), ord(u"\U0002FFFF"))
ranges = [Hangul_Jamo, CJK_Radicals, Phags_Pa, Hangul_Syllables,
CJK_Compatibility_Ideographs, CJK_Compatibility_Forms,
Katakana_Hangul_Halfwidth, Supplementary_Ideographic_Plane]
在這個答案和@EvenLisle子串答案中組合了is_cjk()
>>> from nltk.tokenize.util import is_cjk
>>> text = u'sdf344asfasf天地方益3権sdfsdf'
>>> [1 if is_cjk(ch) else 0 for ch in text]
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
>>> def cjk_substrings(string):
... i = 0
... while i<len(string):
... if is_cjk(string[i]):
... start = i
... while is_cjk(string[i]): i += 1
... yield string[start:i]
... i += 1
...
>>> string = "sdf344asfasf天地方益3権sdfsdf".decode("utf-8")
>>> for sub in cjk_substrings(string):
... string = string.replace(sub, "(" + sub + ")")
...
>>> string
u'sdf344asfasf(\u5929\u5730\u65b9\u76ca)3(\u6a29)sdfsdf'
>>> print string
sdf344asfasf(天地方益)3(権)sdfsdf
如果你不能使用提供訪問IsKatakana
regex
模塊, IsKatakana
IsHan
屬性如@一二三的回答所示 ; 你可以使用來自@ EvenLisle的字符范圍來回答 stdlib的re
模塊:
>>> import re
>>> print(re.sub(u"([\u3300-\u33ff\ufe30-\ufe4f\uf900-\ufaff\U0002f800-\U0002fa1f\u30a0-\u30ff\u2e80-\u2eff\u4e00-\u9fff\u3400-\u4dbf\U00020000-\U0002a6df\U0002a700-\U0002b73f\U0002b740-\U0002b81f\U0002b820-\U0002ceaf]+)", r"(\1)", u'sdf344asfasf天地方益3権sdfsdf'))
sdf344asfasf(天地方益)3(権)sdfsdf
注意已知問題 。
您還可以檢查Unicode類別:
>>> import unicodedata
>>> unicodedata.category(u'天')
'Lo'
>>> unicodedata.category(u's')
'Ll'
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