將Rails應用程序部署到heroku時出錯

Question

我是Rails和Heroku的新手，我嘗試了以下代碼將我的應用程序推送到heroku

    rails new snippets
    cd snippets
    git init
    git add .
    git commit -m "initial commit"
wget -O- https://toolbelt.heroku.com/install-ubuntu.sh | sh
    heroku create
    git push heroku master

但我得到以下錯誤

 An error occurred while installing sqlite3 (1.3.10), and Bundler cannot

    remote:        continue.
    remote:        Make sure that `gem install sqlite3 -v '1.3.10'` succeeds before bundling.
    remote:  !
    remote:  !     Failed to install gems via Bundler.
    remote:  !     
    remote:  !     Detected sqlite3 gem which is not supported on Heroku.
    remote:  !     https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/sqlite3
    remote:  !
    remote: 
    remote:  !     Push rejected, failed to compile Ruby app
    remote: 
    remote: Verifying deploy....
    remote: 
    remote: !   Push rejected to powerful-waters-8202.
    remote: 
    To https://git.heroku.com/powerful-waters-8202.git
     ! [remote rejected] master -> master (pre-receive hook declined)
    error: failed to push some refs to 'https://git.heroku.com/powerful-waters-8202.git'

我將我的gemfile修改為：

group :devlopment, :test do
  gem 'sqlite3'
end

group :production do
  gem 'pg'
end

當我運行捆綁安裝時，出現以下錯誤

Installing pg 0.18.2 with native extensions

Gem::Ext::BuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    /home/user/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin/ruby -r ./siteconf20150705-24664-1i1n8se.rb extconf.rb
checking for pg_config... yes
Using config values from /usr/bin/pg_config
You need to install postgresql-server-dev-X.Y for building a server-side extension or libpq-dev for building a client-side application.
You need to install postgresql-server-dev-X.Y for building a server-side extension or libpq-dev for building a client-side application.
checking for libpq-fe.h... no
Can't find the 'libpq-fe.h header
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may
need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
    --with-opt-dir
    --without-opt-dir
    --with-opt-include
    --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
    --with-opt-lib
    --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
    --with-make-prog
    --without-make-prog
    --srcdir=.
    --curdir
    --ruby=/home/user/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.1/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
    --with-pg
    --without-pg
    --enable-windows-cross
    --disable-windows-cross
    --with-pg-config
    --without-pg-config
    --with-pg_config
    --without-pg_config
    --with-pg-dir
    --without-pg-dir
    --with-pg-include
    --without-pg-include=${pg-dir}/include
    --with-pg-lib
    --without-pg-lib=${pg-dir}/lib

extconf failed, exit code 1

Gem files will remain installed in /home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/gems/pg-0.18.2 for inspection.
Results logged to /home/user/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.1/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.2.0/pg-0.18.2/gem_make.out
An error occurred while installing pg (0.18.2), and Bundler cannot continue.
Make sure that `gem install pg -v '0.18.2'` succeeds before bundling.

我嘗試使用命令

gem install pg -v '0.18.2'

現在我得到以下錯誤

ERROR:  Error installing pg:
    ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

這是我的database.yml文件

# SQLite version 3.x
#   gem install sqlite3
#
#   Ensure the SQLite 3 gem is defined in your Gemfile
#   gem 'sqlite3'
#
default: &default
  adapter: sqlite3
  pool: 5
  timeout: 5000

development:
  <<: *default
  database: db/development.sqlite3

# Warning: The database defined as "test" will be erased and
# re-generated from your development database when you run "rake".
# Do not set this db to the same as development or production.
test:
  <<: *default
  database: db/test.sqlite3

production:
  <<: *default
  database: db/production.sqlite3

和我的gemfile

source 'https://rubygems.org'


# Bundle edge Rails instead: gem 'rails', github: 'rails/rails'
gem 'rails', '4.2.1'
# Use sqlite3 as the database for Active Record
#gem 'sqlite3'
# Use SCSS for stylesheets
gem 'sass-rails', '~> 5.0'
# Use Uglifier as compressor for JavaScript assets
gem 'uglifier', '>= 1.3.0'
# Use CoffeeScript for .coffee assets and views
gem 'coffee-rails', '~> 4.1.0'
# See https://github.com/rails/execjs#readme for more supported runtimes
# gem 'therubyracer', platforms: :ruby

# Use jquery as the JavaScript library
gem 'jquery-rails'
# Turbolinks makes following links in your web application faster. Read more: https://github.com/rails/turbolinks
gem 'turbolinks'
# Build JSON APIs with ease. Read more: https://github.com/rails/jbuilder
gem 'jbuilder', '~> 2.0'
# bundle exec rake doc:rails generates the API under doc/api.
gem 'sdoc', '~> 0.4.0', group: :doc

# Use ActiveModel has_secure_password
# gem 'bcrypt', '~> 3.1.7'

# Use Unicorn as the app server
# gem 'unicorn'

# Use Capistrano for deployment
# gem 'capistrano-rails', group: :development
###################################################################################
group :development, :test do # <<<< :development, not devlopment
  gem 'sqlite3'
end

group :production do
  gem 'pg'
end


##################################################################

group :development, :test do
  # Call 'byebug' anywhere in the code to stop execution and get a debugger console
  gem 'byebug'

  # Access an IRB console on exception pages or by using <%= console %> in views
  gem 'web-console', '~> 2.0'

  # Spring speeds up development by keeping your application running in the background. Read more: https://github.com/rails/spring
  gem 'spring'
end

誰能幫我解決這個問題？

Answer 1

如果您要繼續在開發中運行SQLite，請運行

bundle install --without production

這將阻止Bundler嘗試安裝pg ，但是Heroku會在部署時安裝pg ，因為它們運行時- --without development,test 。

如果您想在本地切換到Postgres，StackOverflow有很多幫助，在這里我不會重復：

• 如何在Ubuntu上安裝PostgreSQL的pg gem？
• 在OS X上安裝PG gem-無法構建本機擴展
• 錯誤：無法在Mavericks上構建gem本機擴展
• 無法在Windows上安裝pg gem

Answer 2

正如您提到的Ubuntu 14.04.2 LTS一樣 ，請嘗試以下命令

sudo apt-get install libpq-dev

接着

gem install pg -v '0.18.2'

更新：

您還應該將適配器更改為postgresql以便在您的database.yml 生產 。

production:
adapter: postgresql
pool: 5
timeout: 5000

Answer 3

您已經在這里提出了一些很好的建議，但是我將添加未提及的內容。

我的建議是在開發中使用與生產中使用的數據庫PostgreSQL相同的數據庫 。 這是一個好主意，原因有很多，而您剛遇到一個部署難題。

但是，假設您堅持使用不同的數據庫類型。 您的gemfile中的這一行對我來說似乎很奇怪-“沒有發展”

# 
# 
###################################################################################
group :development, :test do # <<<< :development, not devlopment
  gem 'sqlite3'
end

我認為你應該嘗試

# 
# 
###################################################################################
group :development, :test do 
  gem 'sqlite3'
end

讓我知道事情的后續。