ld：找不到架構 x86_64 的符號，clang：鏈接器命令失敗

Question

我正在嘗試使用自制軟件來下載和構建諸如 boost、ceres-solver 之類的軟件包。 發生的情況是我將嘗試編譯代碼，沒有任何特殊標志（ g++ foo.cpp -o foo -I /usr/local/...並且我也嘗試過 clang++ ）並且我始終收到此錯誤：

Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
  ...
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)

所以我環顧四周，解決方案是使用-stdlib=libstdc++標志。 我試過了，現在它給了我與蘋果發布舊版本libstdc++相關的錯誤，沒有通過調用-std=c++11或-std=c++14來修復。 它對像 shared_ptr 這樣的 C++11 語法提出了反對意見：

/usr/local/include/ceres/internal/port.h:62:12: error: no member named
      'shared_ptr' in namespace 'std'
using std::shared_ptr;
      ~~~~~^
...
/usr/local/include/ceres/solver.h:629:15: error: expected member name or ';'
      after declaration specifiers
    shared_ptr<ParameterBlockOrdering> inner_iteration_ordering;
    ~~~~~~~~~~^
5 errors generated.

如果不需要，我寧願不編輯庫源代碼，我希望開發人員做得很好？

有沒有辦法構建可以提供正確鏈接的庫（有或沒有自制軟件）？ 目前我只是brew install <package>我錯過了一些明顯的東西嗎？ 或者我在編譯代碼時搞砸了什么？

我在 Mac OS X 10.10.5 上， brew --config 給出了這個：

HOMEBREW_VERSION: 0.9.5
ORIGIN: https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew
HEAD: 03ad27453de01adc29cbf941bd29a2dfb54a9960
Last commit: 69 minutes ago
HOMEBREW_PREFIX: /usr/local
HOMEBREW_REPOSITORY: /usr/local
HOMEBREW_CELLAR: /usr/local/Cellar
HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN: https://homebrew.bintray.com
CPU: 8-core 64-bit ivybridge
OS X: 10.10.5-x86_64
Xcode: 6.4
CLT: 6.4.0.0.1.1435007323
Clang: 6.1 build 602
X11: N/A
System Ruby: 2.0.0-p481
Perl: /usr/bin/perl
Python: /usr/local/bin/python => /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/python2.7
Ruby: /usr/bin/ruby
Java: N/A

運行$arch給出： i386

和$clang++ -v給出：

Apple LLVM version 6.1.0 (clang-602.0.53) (based on LLVM 3.6.0svn)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin14.5.0
Thread model: posix

我應該補充一點，我已經嘗試清理我的計算機，以防萬一有舊版本或某些東西搞砸了。 我所看到的一切都說這個錯誤是由構建時的不正確鏈接引起的，但似乎 brew 正確地完成了大部分工作，至少據我所知？ 一切都安裝和構建良好。

我已經使用 brew 安裝了 gcc 並嘗試使用 g++-5 和 gcc-5 命令編譯庫以避免 clang，當我嘗試在編譯時傳遞-std=c++11標志時遇到同樣的問題- g++-5 foo.cpp -o foo -I /usr/local/bar -std=c++11 。 這些都不起作用。

我還應該強調，當我嘗試編譯和運行隨附的示例腳本（例如，boost，甚至不是我自己的腳本）時，會發生這些情況。 我只是希望圖書館至少大部分是正確的。

我也在這里查看了很多類似的問題，很多都沒有答案，還有那些有解決方案的，嗯，我已經嘗試了很多解決方案，但它們也無濟於事。 我試過-lstdc++.6 ，我試過-stdlib=libstdc++ 。 -l 不會改變任何東西， -stdlib會導致我上面描述的問題。

我能得到的任何幫助都會很棒，我已經為此工作了幾個星期，這讓我發瘋了。

為清晰起見，快速編輯：

所以當我輸入：

$g++ cerestest.cpp -o ceres -I /usr/local/include/eigen3

或者

$clang++ cerestest.cpp -o ceres -I /usr/local/include/eigen3

我得到：

Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
  "ceres::Solve(ceres::Solver::Options const&, ceres::Problem*, ceres::Solver::Summary*)", referenced from:
      _main in cerestest-ef733e.o
  "ceres::Solver::Summary::Summary()", referenced from:
      _main in cerestest-ef733e.o
  "ceres::Problem::AddResidualBlock(ceres::CostFunction*, ceres::LossFunction*, double*)", referenced from:
      _main in cerestest-ef733e.o
  "ceres::Problem::Problem()", referenced from:
      _main in cerestest-ef733e.o
  "ceres::Problem::~Problem()", referenced from:
      _main in cerestest-ef733e.o
  "google::LogMessage::stream()", referenced from:
      ceres::AutoDiffCostFunction<CostFunctor, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0>::AutoDiffCostFunction(CostFunctor*) in cerestest-ef733e.o
      ceres::internal::AutoDiff<CostFunctor, double, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0>::Differentiate(CostFunctor const&, double const* const*, int, double*, double**) in cerestest-ef733e.o
      void ceres::internal::Make1stOrderPerturbation<ceres::Jet<double, 1>, double, 1>(int, double const*, ceres::Jet<double, 1>*) in cerestest-ef733e.o
      void ceres::internal::Take0thOrderPart<ceres::Jet<double, 1>, double*>(int, ceres::Jet<double, 1> const*, double*) in cerestest-ef733e.o
      void ceres::internal::Take1stOrderPart<ceres::Jet<double, 1>, double, 0, 1>(int, ceres::Jet<double, 1> const*, double*) in cerestest-ef733e.o
  "google::LogMessageFatal::LogMessageFatal(char const*, int)", referenced from:
      void ceres::internal::Make1stOrderPerturbation<ceres::Jet<double, 1>, double, 1>(int, double const*, ceres::Jet<double, 1>*) in cerestest-ef733e.o
      void ceres::internal::Take0thOrderPart<ceres::Jet<double, 1>, double*>(int, ceres::Jet<double, 1> const*, double*) in cerestest-ef733e.o
      void ceres::internal::Take1stOrderPart<ceres::Jet<double, 1>, double, 0, 1>(int, ceres::Jet<double, 1> const*, double*) in cerestest-ef733e.o
  "google::LogMessageFatal::LogMessageFatal(char const*, int, google::CheckOpString const&)", referenced from:
      ceres::AutoDiffCostFunction<CostFunctor, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0>::AutoDiffCostFunction(CostFunctor*) in cerestest-ef733e.o
      ceres::internal::AutoDiff<CostFunctor, double, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0>::Differentiate(CostFunctor const&, double const* const*, int, double*, double**) in cerestest-ef733e.o
  "google::LogMessageFatal::~LogMessageFatal()", referenced from:
      ceres::AutoDiffCostFunction<CostFunctor, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0>::AutoDiffCostFunction(CostFunctor*) in cerestest-ef733e.o
      ceres::internal::AutoDiff<CostFunctor, double, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0>::Differentiate(CostFunctor const&, double const* const*, int, double*, double**) in cerestest-ef733e.o
      void ceres::internal::Make1stOrderPerturbation<ceres::Jet<double, 1>, double, 1>(int, double const*, ceres::Jet<double, 1>*) in cerestest-ef733e.o
      void ceres::internal::Take0thOrderPart<ceres::Jet<double, 1>, double*>(int, ceres::Jet<double, 1> const*, double*) in cerestest-ef733e.o
      void ceres::internal::Take1stOrderPart<ceres::Jet<double, 1>, double, 0, 1>(int, ceres::Jet<double, 1> const*, double*) in cerestest-ef733e.o
  "google::InitGoogleLogging(char const*)", referenced from:
      _main in cerestest-ef733e.o
  "google::base::CheckOpMessageBuilder::ForVar2()", referenced from:
      std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >* google::MakeCheckOpString<int, int>(int const&, int const&, char const*) in cerestest-ef733e.o
      std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >* google::MakeCheckOpString<int, ceres::DimensionType>(int const&, ceres::DimensionType const&, char const*) in cerestest-ef733e.o
  "google::base::CheckOpMessageBuilder::NewString()", referenced from:
      std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >* google::MakeCheckOpString<int, int>(int const&, int const&, char const*) in cerestest-ef733e.o
      std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >* google::MakeCheckOpString<int, ceres::DimensionType>(int const&, ceres::DimensionType const&, char const*) in cerestest-ef733e.o
  "google::base::CheckOpMessageBuilder::CheckOpMessageBuilder(char const*)", referenced from:
      std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >* google::MakeCheckOpString<int, int>(int const&, int const&, char const*) in cerestest-ef733e.o
      std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >* google::MakeCheckOpString<int, ceres::DimensionType>(int const&, ceres::DimensionType const&, char const*) in cerestest-ef733e.o
  "google::base::CheckOpMessageBuilder::~CheckOpMessageBuilder()", referenced from:
      std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >* google::MakeCheckOpString<int, int>(int const&, int const&, char const*) in cerestest-ef733e.o
      std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >* google::MakeCheckOpString<int, ceres::DimensionType>(int const&, ceres::DimensionType const&, char const*) in cerestest-ef733e.o
  "ceres::Solver::Summary::BriefReport() const", referenced from:
      _main in cerestest-ef733e.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)

這不僅是 ceres，boost 也會發生類似的錯誤。

Answer 1

感謝馬克·塞切爾：

使用自制軟件時注意/usr/local/lib很重要，需要指定鏈接庫。

最終有效的代碼是這樣的：

g++ cerestest.cpp -o ceres -lglog -lceres -I /usr/local/include

相同的答案似乎適用於 boost 庫，以及我嘗試過的所有其他庫（到目前為止，包括 Qt）。