使用Python請求從URL保存圖像-URL類型錯誤

Question

使用以下代碼：

    with open('newim','wb') as f:
        f.write(requests.get(repr(url)))

網址在哪里：

    url = 'data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAFoAAAArCAYAAAD41p9mAAAAzUlEQVR42u3awQ4DIQhFUf7/p9tNt20nHQGl5yUuh4c36BglgoiIiIiIiGiVHq+RGfvdiGG+lxKonGiWd4vvKZNd5V/u2zXRO953c2jx3bGiMrewLt+PgbJA/xJ3RS5dvl9PEdXLduK3baeOrKrc1bcF9MnLP7WqgR4GOjtOl28L6AlHtLSqBhpooIEGGmiggQYaaKCBBhpodx3H3XW4vQN6HugILyztoL0Zhlfw9G4tfR0FfR0VnTw6lQoT0XtXmMxfdJPuALr0x5Pp+wT35KKWb6NaVgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=='

我收到以下錯誤：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\requests\api.py", line 69, in get
    return request('get', url, params=params, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\requests\api.py", line 50, in request
    response = session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 465, in request
    resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 567, in send
    adapter = self.get_adapter(url=request.url)
  File "C:\Python33\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 641, in get_adapter
    raise InvalidSchema("No connection adapters were found for '%s'" % url)

我看過其他帖子，乍看之下似乎是一個類似的問題，但我沒有運氣，只是添加了“ https：//”或類似的內容...我很想避免這樣做在webdriver + Autoit之類的程序中，因為我必須對數千張圖像進行類似的練習。

Answer 1

這是以base64編碼的圖像。 在下面引用URL：“ base64等於圖像本身的文本（字符串）表示形式”。

請閱讀以下內容以獲得詳細說明： http : //www.stoimen.com/blog/2009/04/23/when-you-should-use-base64-for-images/

為了使用它們，您必須實現base64解碼器。 幸運的是，SO已經為您提供了解決方法：

Python base64數據解碼

Answer 2

您對嵌入式圖像概念的理解似乎有問題。 實際上，您發布的url是從上下文菜單中選擇“查看圖像”或“復制圖像位置” （或類似的名稱，具體取決於瀏覽器）時瀏覽器返回的內容，並正式稱為數據URI 。

這不是一個HTTP URL指向一個圖片，你不能用它來從任何服務器檢索的實際圖像：這正是requests錯誤消息指出。

---

那么，我們如何得到這些圖片？ 以下腳本將處理此任務：

import requests
from lxml import html
import binascii as ba

i = 0
url="<Page URL goes here>" #Ex: http://server/dir/images.html
page = requests.get(url)
struct = html.fromstring(page.text)
images = struct.xpath('//img/@src')

for img in images:
    i += 1
    ext = img.partition('data:image/')[2].split(';')[0]
    with open('newim'+str(i)+'.'+ext,'wb') as f:
        f.write(ba.a2b_base64(img.partition('base64,')[2]))

print("Done")

要運行它，您將需要與requests一起安裝lxml庫，該庫可在此處找到。

---

以下是腳本功能的簡短描述：

首先，它從服務器請求url ，然后在獲得服務器的響應后，將其存儲在Response對象 （ page ）中。

然后，它利用來自lxml的 html.fromstring()將page的“文本化”內容轉換為樹形結構，可以通過使用XPath語法的命令來對其進行處理，如下所示： images = struct.xpath('//img/@src') 。

結果是一個list其中包含頁面中每個圖像的src屬性的內容。 在這種情況下（嵌入式圖像），這些是數據URI。

然后，對於列表中的每個圖像，它首先使用partition()和split()獲取圖像類型（將用作newim的擴展名split()並將其存儲在ext 。 然后，它將base64編碼的數據轉換為二進制數據（使用binascii模塊中的a2b_base64() ）並將輸出寫入文件。

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作為一個小型演示，請將此html代碼（例如， images.html ）保存在服務器中的某個位置

<h1>Images</h1>
<img src="data:image/png;base64,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" />  
<br />
<img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAFoAAAArCAYAAAD41p9mAAAAzUlEQVR42u3awQ4DIQhFUf7/p9tNt20nHQGl5yUuh4c36BglgoiIiIiIiGiVHq+RGfvdiGG+lxKonGiWd4vvKZNd5V/u2zXRO953c2jx3bGiMrewLt+PgbJA/xJ3RS5dvl9PEdXLduK3baeOrKrc1bcF9MnLP7WqgR4GOjtOl28L6AlHtLSqBhpooIEGGmiggQYaaKCBBhpodx3H3XW4vQN6HugILyztoL0Zhlfw9G4tfR0FfR0VnTw6lQoT0XtXmMxfdJPuALr0x5Pp+wT35KKWb6NaVgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=="></img>
<br />
<img src="data:image/jpg;base64,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"/>

並在腳本中指向它： requests.get("http://yourserver/somedir/images.html") 。

運行腳本時，您將獲得以下3張圖像： ， ， ，分別命名為newim1.png ， newim2.png和newim3.jpg 。

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提醒一下，請注意，此腳本（以當前形式）將僅處理嵌入式圖像 。 如果還要處理普通的鏈接圖像，則必須進行相應的修改（但這並不困難）。