單元測試Spring RESTful控制器時“內容類型未設置”

Question

我有一個類似於這個的Rest控制器：

@RestController
public class UserRestController {

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @RequestMapping(value = "/user/activate", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public ResponseEntity<UserDTO> activate(
            @RequestParam(required = true) final String email,
            @RequestParam(required = true) final String key) {

        UserDTO userDTO = userService.activateAccount(email, key);
        return new ResponseEntity<UserDTO>(userDTO, HttpStatus.OK);
    }
}

當我使用Postman調用它並且我不發送'key'參數時，我收到此JSON消息：

{
    "timestamp": 1446211575193,
    "status": 400,
    "error": "Bad Request",
    "exception": "org.springframework.web.bind.MissingServletRequestParameterException",
    "message": "Required String parameter 'key' is not present",
    "path": "/user/activate"
}

另一方面，我正在使用JUnit和MockMVC Spring實用程序測試此方法。

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = ApplicationConfig.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
public class UserRestControllerTest {

    private static MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Mock
    private UserService userService;

    @InjectMocks
    private UserRestController userRestController;

    @Before
    public void setup() {

        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
        mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders
                .standaloneSetup(userRestController)
                .setMessageConverters(
                        new MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter(),
                        new Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverter()).build();

    }

    @Test
    public void testActivateRequiredParams() throws Exception {

        mockMvc.perform(
                MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/user/activate")
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED)
                .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
                .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isBadRequest())
                .andExpect(
                        MockMvcResultMatchers.content().contentType(
                                UtilsUnitTest.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))
                .andExpect(
                        jsonPath(
                                "message",
                                is("Required String parameter 'email' is not present")));

     }
}

但是當我執行此測試時，我注意到響應不是JSON消息。 事實上，我得到一個例外：

java.lang.AssertionError：未設置內容類型

特別是，完成的結果是

MockHttpServletRequest:
         HTTP Method = POST
         Request URI = /user/activate
          Parameters = {}
             Headers = {Content-Type=[application/x-www-form-urlencoded]}

             Handler:
                Type = com.company.controller.UserRestController
              Method = public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<com.company.dto.UserDTO> com.company.controller.UserRestController.activate(java.lang.String,java.lang.String)

               Async:
       Async started = false
        Async result = null

  Resolved Exception:
                Type = org.springframework.web.bind.MissingServletRequestParameterException

        ModelAndView:
           View name = null
                View = null
               Model = null

            FlashMap:

MockHttpServletResponse:
              Status = 400
       Error message = Required String parameter 'email' is not present
             Headers = {}
        Content type = null
                Body = 
       Forwarded URL = null
      Redirected URL = null
             Cookies = []

我推斷當拋出異常時，這不會轉換為JSON格式（當我發送電子郵件和關鍵參數時，我得到了正確的JSON結果）

問題很明顯：如果拋出異常，我應該在單元測試配置中更改什么來獲取JSON錯誤消息？

Answer 1

問題是在斷言失敗后測試停止：

.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.content().contentType(UtilsUnitTest.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8))

除此之外， jsonPath("message"...不會命中任何內容。要驗證返回的錯誤消息，請使用MockMvcResultMatchers.status().reason(<ResultMatcher>) 。

以下測試應該完成這項工作：

@Test
public void testActivateRequiredParams() throws Exception {
    final ResultActions result = mockMvc
            .perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/user/activate")
                    .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED).accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
            .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print());
    result.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isBadRequest());
    result.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().reason(is("Required String parameter 'email' is not present")));
}

但是考慮一下這個（測試錯誤消息）是否是個好主意，也許可以看一下這個討論 。