使用字典作為可選參數的函數 - Python

Question

我正在嘗試創建一個可能作為輸入接收多個或幾個字典的函數。 我正在使用以下代碼：

def merge_many_dics(dic1,dic2,dic3=True,dic4=True,dic5=True,dic6=True,dic7=True,dic8=True,dic9=True,dic10=True):
"""
Merging up to 10 dictionaries with same keys and different values
:return: a dictionary containing the common dates as keys and both values as values
"""
manydics = {}
for k in dic1.viewkeys() & dic2.viewkeys() & dic3.viewkeys() & dic4.viewkeys() & dic5.viewkeys() & dic6.viewkeys()\
        & dic7.viewkeys() & dic8.viewkeys() & dic9.viewkeys() & dic10.viewkeys():
    manydics[k] = (dic1[k], dic2[k],dic3[k],dic4[k],dic5[k],dic6[k],dic7[k],dic8[k],dic9[k],dic10[k])

return manydics

請注意，我試圖將參數dic3，dic4，dic5等等於“True”，因此當它們未被指定並且在函數中被調用時，沒有任何反應。 但是我收到以下錯誤：

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/File.py", line 616, in <module>
main_dic=merge_many_dics(dic1,dic2,dic3,dic4)
File "/Users/File.py", line 132, in merge_many_dics
& dic7.viewkeys() & dic8.viewkeys() & dic9.viewkeys() & dic10.viewkeys():
AttributeError: 'bool' object has no attribute 'viewkeys'

有人為我的旅程提供服務嗎？

Answer 1

使用任意參數列表 ，可以使用任意數量的參數調用該函數：

>>> def merge_many_dics(*dicts):
...     common_keys = reduce(lambda a, b: a & b, (d.viewkeys() for d in dicts))
...     return {key: tuple(d[key] for d in dicts) for key in common_keys}
...
>>> merge_many_dics({1:2}, {1:3}, {1:4, 2:5})
{1: (2, 3, 4)}

Answer 2

你應該嘗試args語法：

def merge_many_dics(*args):
   iterate over your args to join them

那么你可以使用任意數量的參數調用函數。

帶* args的函數可以如下：

   def print_all(name, *args):
      print "Hello", name, "here are your args"
      for arg in args:
         print arg

   print_all("Claus", "car", "boat", "house")

這將打印：

Hello Clause here are your args

car
boat
house

Answer 3

這是基於@falsetru回答並使用operator.and_函數的Python 3.x答案。

>>> from functools import reduce
>>> import operator
>>> def merge_many_dicts(*dicts):
...     common_keys = reduce(operator.and_, (d.keys() for d in dicts))
...     return {key: tuple(d[key] for d in dicts) for key in common_keys}
... 
>>> merge_many_dicts({1:2}, {1:3}, {1:4, 2:5})
{1: (2, 3, 4)}

Answer 4

正如錯誤所說，你無法查看布爾值的鍵，也就是說，True.viewkeys（）不起作用。 將您的默認字典更改為空，留下：

def merge_many_dics(dic1,dic2,dic3={},dic4={},dic5={},dic6={},dic7={},dic8={},dic9={},dic10={}):
    """
    Merging up to 10 dictionaries with same keys and different values
    :return: a dictionary containing the common dates as keys and both values as values
    """
    manydics = {}
    for k in dic1.viewkeys() & dic2.viewkeys() & dic3.viewkeys() & dic4.viewkeys() & dic5.viewkeys() & dic6.viewkeys()\
            & dic7.viewkeys() & dic8.viewkeys() & dic9.viewkeys() & dic10.viewkeys():
        manydics[k] = (dic1[k], dic2[k],dic3[k],dic4[k],dic5[k],dic6[k],dic7[k],dic8[k],dic9[k],dic10[k])

    return manydics

這是一個實現，您可以在其中為每個鍵創建一個列表並添加每個項目，我確信它可以進行更多優化，但它非常易讀：

def merge_many_dicts(*args):
    """
    Merging all dictionaries suposing all dictionaries share keys
    :return: a dictionary containing the common dates as keys and both values as values
    """
    manydicts = {}
    for k in args:
        for key in k.iterkeys():
            manydicts[key] = []
    for k in args:
        for key, value in k.iteritems():
            manydicts[key].append(value)

    return manydicts

Answer 5

您可以使用以下代碼在函數中初始化這些參數

def merge_many_dics(dic1, dic2, dic3=None, dic4=None, dic5=None, dic6=None, dic7=None, dic8=None, dic9=None,
                    dic10=None):
    """
    Merging up to 10 dictionaries with same keys and different values
    :return: a dictionary containing the common dates as keys and both values as values
    """
    for item in locals().items():
        if item is None:
            item = dic1

    manydics = {}
    for k in dic1.viewkeys() & dic2.viewkeys() & dic3.viewkeys() & dic4.viewkeys() & dic5.viewkeys() & dic6.viewkeys() \
            & dic7.viewkeys() & dic8.viewkeys() & dic9.viewkeys() & dic10.viewkeys():
        manydics[k] = (dic1[k], dic2[k], dic3[k], dic4[k], dic5[k], dic6[k], dic7[k], dic8[k], dic9[k], dic10[k])

    return manydics