[英]Creating and consuming an API using Django and the Django rest framework
[英]Consuming api from django rest framework
我已經使用django rest api創建了一個看起來像這樣的api-
{
"count": 2,
"next": null,
"previous": null,
"results": [
{
"url": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/app/student/1/",
"id": 1,
"title": "mr",
"name": "student1",
"address": "somewhere",
"city": "Mumbai",
"tests": [
{
"test_name": "Math",
"section_1": "34",
"section_2": "54",
"date_added": "2015-12-15"
}
]
},
{
"url": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/app/student/2/",
"id": 2,
"title": "mr",
"name": "student2",
"address": "somewhere",
"city": "Delhi",
"tests": [
{
"test_name": "English",
"section_1": "34",
"section_2": "65",
"date_added": "2015-12-15"
}
]
}
]
}
我在同一項目中有另一個應用程序,它使用類似以下內容的數據-
def Peoplelist(request):
data= requests.get('http://127.0.0.1:8000/app/students/').json()
send_list = []
for i in range(2):
send_list.append(data['results'][i]['name'])
context = RequestContext(request, {
'send_list': send_list,
})
return render_to_response('taskmanager/numbers.html', context)
這將創建一個學生姓名列表。
我想根據城市名稱顯示學生姓名列表,然后單擊姓名以查看學生和考試詳細信息。 無法弄清楚該怎么做。 有人可以提出建議嗎?
models.py
class Test(models.Model):
date_added = models.DateField(default=datetime.datetime.now)
test_name = models.CharField(max_length=200,default='',blank=False)
section_1 = models.CharField(max_length=100,default='')
section_2 = models.CharField(max_length=100,default='')
def __str__(self):
return self.test_name
class Person(models.Model):
tests = models.ManyToManyField(Test)
title = models.CharField(max_length=3,default="mr",blank=False)
name = models.CharField(max_length=50,default='',blank=False)
address = models.CharField(max_length=200,default='',blank=False)
city = models.CharField(max_length=100,default='',blank=False)
def __str__(self):
return self.name
serializers.py
class TestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Test
fields = ('test_name','section_1','section_2','date_added')
class PersonSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
tests = TestSerializer(many=True, read_only=True)
class Meta:
model = Person
fields = ('id','title', 'name', 'address', 'city','tests')
numbers.html
{% extends "index.html" %}
{% block names %}
{% for list in send_list %}
<a href="/"><p>{{list}}</p></a>
{% endfor %}
{% endblock %}
******************************編輯******************* ******
models.py
class City(models.Model):
city_name=models.CharField(max_length=100,default='',blank=False)
def __str__(self):
return self.city_name
class Person(models.Model):
tests = models.ManyToManyField(Test)
title = models.CharField(max_length=3,default="mr",blank=False)
name = models.CharField(max_length=50,default='',blank=False)
address = models.CharField(max_length=200,default='',blank=False)
city = models.CharField(max_length=100,default='',blank=False)
views.py
class StudentList(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
queryset = Person.objects.all()
serializer_class = PersonSerializer
class CityList(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
queryset = City.objects.all()
serializer_class = CitySerializer
class CityDetail(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
city = City.objects.all()
serializer_class = CitySerializer
class StudentDetail(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
queryset = Student.objects.all()
serializer_class = StudentSerializer
因此,基本上,您需要3種不同的API:
/cities/
-為您提供城市列表。 /cities/<pk>/students
提供給定城市中的學生列表。 /students/<pk>/
-提供ID為pk
的學生的詳細信息。 因此,該API不會處理您想要的所有3個頁面。
您將需要3個模板視圖:
def cities(request):
data = requests.get('http://127.0.0.1:8000/app/cities/').json()
context = RequestContext(request, {
'cities': data.cities,
})
return render_to_response('taskmanager/cities.html', context)
def Peoplelist(request, pk):
data = requests.get('http://127.0.0.1:8000/app/cities/' + pk + '/students/').json()
context = RequestContext(request, {
'students': data.students,
})
# Better rename this one to students.html
return render_to_response('taskmanager/numbers.html', context)
def student_details(request, pk):
data = requests.get('http://127.0.0.1:8000/app/students/' + pk).json()
context = RequestContext(request, {
'student': data.student,
})
return render_to_response('taskmanager/student_detail.html', context)
配置這些視圖的URL。 現在,模板將像:
{% extends "index.html" %}
{% block names %}
{% for city in cities %}
<a href="{% url 'student_list' city.id %}"><p>{{city.name}}</p></a>
{% endfor %}
{% endblock %}
{% extends "index.html" %}
{% block names %}
{% for student in students %}
<a href="{% url 'student_detail' student.id %}"><p>{{student.name}}</p></a>
{% endfor %}
{% endblock %}
{% extends "index.html" %}
{% block names %}
{{ student.name }}
<table>
<tr>
<th>Test Name</th>
<th>Section 1</th>
<th>Section 2</th>
<th>Date Added</th>
</tr>
{% for test in student.tests %}
<tr>
<td>{{ test.test_name }}</td>
<td>{{ test.section_1 }}</td>
<td>{{ test.section_2 }}</td>
<td>{{ test.date_added }}</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</table>
{% endblock %}
修改模型:
由於您現在擁有“ City
模型,因此可以將“ city
字段更改為“ ForeignKey
Person
模型。 另外,讓我們將Person
重命名為Student
:
class Student(models.Model):
# Removing the tests field. Rather add `student` field in `Test` model
# tests = models.ManyToManyField(Test)
title = models.CharField(max_length=3,default="mr",blank=False)
name = models.CharField(max_length=50,default='',blank=False)
address = models.CharField(max_length=200,default='',blank=False)
city = models.ForeignKey(City)
然后更改Test
模型:
class Test(models.Model):
student = models.ForeignKey(Student)
date_added = models.DateField(default=datetime.datetime.now)
test_name = models.CharField(max_length=200,default='',blank=False)
section_1 = models.CharField(max_length=100,default='')
section_2 = models.CharField(max_length=100,default='')
def __str__(self):
return self.test_name
對於視圖:
/cities/
-對於您的代碼中的此CityList
視圖而言,這是很好的。 /cities/<pk>/students/
-為此,請更改您的StudentList
視圖,如下所示:
class StudentList(generics.ListCreateAPIView): serializer_class = PersonSerializer def get_queryset(self): city = City.objects.get(pk=self.kwargs.get('pk', None)) students = Student.objects.filter(city=city) return students
然后是最后一個:
/students/<pk>/
StudentDetail
視圖如下:
class StudentDetail(generics.RetrieveAPIView): serializer_class = PersonSerializer def get_object(self): student_id = self.kwargs.get('pk', None) return Student.objects.get(pk=student_id)
現在,對於序列化程序,將您的PersonSerializer
更改為此:
class StudentSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
test_set = TestSerializer(many=True, required=False)
class Meta:
model = Student
fields = ('id','title', 'name', 'address', 'city', 'test_set')
如果我正確理解,則希望在api響應中為學生提供超鏈接 。 為此,在serializer.py中添加以下內容 :
class StudentByCityField(serializers.RelatedField):
def to_representation(self, city):
student_list = self.objects.filter(city=city)
link_list = list()
append_link = link_list.append
for student in student_list:
append_link("/app/students/%s" % student.name)
return link_list
class PersonByCitySerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
city_name = StudentByCityField(source='city', read_only=True)
class Meta:
model = Test
fields = ('city_name',)
但是,如果您想做此HTML方面,這將是微不足道的
def get_cities(request):
pesrons = Person.objects.all()
pesrons.query.group_by = ['city']
city_set = set([i.city for i in persons])
context = RequestContext(request, {
'city_list': list(city_set),
})
return render_to_response('cities.html', context)
def get_students_by_city(request, city):
student_list = Person.objects.filter(city=city)
context = RequestContext(request, {
'students': student_list,
})
# Better rename this one to students.html
return render_to_response('students_by_city.html', context)
def get_student_details(request, id):
student = Person.objects.get(id=id)
context = RequestContext(request, {
'student': student,
})
return render_to_response('student_detail.html', context)
city.html
{% extends "index.html" %}
{% block names %}
<ul>
{% for city in city_list %}
<li><a href="{% url 'student_by_city' city.name %}">
{{city.name}}
</a></li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{% endblock %}
students_by_city.html
{% extends "index.html" %}
{% block names %}
<ul>
{% for student in student_list %}
<li><a href="{% url 'student_detail' student.id %}"><p>{{student.name}}</p></a></li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{% endblock %}
student_detail.html
{% extends "index.html" %}
{% block names %}
<!-- Display here your data as you like -->
{% endblock %}
urlpatterns = patterns('',
url(r'^app/cities/$', views.get_cities, name="participant-register"),
url(r'^app/students/(?P<id>\d+)$', views.get_student_by_city, name="student_by_city"),
url(r'^app/student/(?P<city>\w+/$', views.get_student_detail, name="student_detail"),
)
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