如何在tcsh if語句中使用OR條件

Question

我試圖在tcsh shell的IF語句中使用OR條件。 相同的語句在CSH中有效。

語句示例：（cat tesh.sh）

if [ "$1" == "hi" -o "$2" == "hello" ];then
echo hi
else
echo hello
fi

現在，如果執行此示例腳本，則會出現以下錯誤：

[35] % sh -x test hi hi hello
+ test hi hi hello
test[7]: hi: A test command parameter is not valid.
+ exit 1
[36] % sh -x test hi hi
+ test hi hi
test[7]: test: Specify a parameter with this command.
+ exit 1
[37] % sh -x test hi hello
+ test hi hello
test[7]: test: Specify a parameter with this command.
+ exit 1
[38] % sh -x test hi hello
+ test hi hello
test[7]: test: Specify a parameter with this command.
+ exit 1
[39] %

請提出可以做什么？

附加信息：

[44] % uname -s
HP-UX
[45] %
[45] % echo $SHELL
/bin/tcsh
[46] %

更多示例：

 cat new_test.txt
if ([ $1 == 1 ] || [ $2 == 1 ])
then
echo $1 and $2
fi

./new_test.txt 1 1
./new_test.txt: ==: A test command parameter is not valid.
./new_test.txt: ==: A test command parameter is not valid.

更多示例：

 cat suggested.sh

if (($1 == 1) || ($2 == 1)) ; then echo "$1 and $2" ; fi

 ./suggested.sh 1 1
./suggested.sh: 1:  not found.
./suggested.sh: 1:  not found.

Answer 1

有一些困惑：

1. 您的第一個腳本是用bourne-shell編寫的
2. 您的腳本未提及應使用什么shell來解釋它（根據您執行它的方式，可能會導致混亂）
3. 您的第二個腳本是tcsh腳本，但語法令人誤解
4. 看來您不知道[是。

像這樣修改第一個腳本：

#!/bin/sh
if [ "$1" == "hi"  -o   "$2" == "hello" ]; then
  echo hi
else
  echo hello
fi

這意味着，如果該腳本可執行，則它將使用/bin/sh進行解釋。 但是，如果使用命令強制外殼程序：

% sh -x test hi hi
+ '[' hi == hi -o hi == hello ']'
+ echo hi
hi
% tcsh -x test hi hi
if [ hi = hi -o hi = hello ]
if: Expression Syntax.
then
then: Command not found.
%

您會發現使用錯誤的Shell會導致某些語法錯誤。

如果要編寫tcsh腳本，這是一個解決方案：

#!/bin/tcsh
if ( "$1" == "hi"  ||  "$2" == "hello" ) then
  echo hi
else
  echo hello
endif

if語法不同，因為tcsh具有內部測試功能，而標准bourne shell沒有該功能。 布赫納殼測試是使用外部命令作出test ，其具有一個別名[ 。 因此，您可以閱讀手冊中有關test語法的文檔：

SYNOPSIS
     test expression
     [ expression ] ...
     s1 = s2       True if the strings s1 and s2 are identical. ...
     expression1 -o expression2
                   True if either expression1 or expression2 are true.

對於tcsh的if ，請閱讀tcsh的手冊（或csh的父手冊）：

   if (expr) command
           If  expr (an expression, as described under Expressions) evalu-
           ates true, then command is executed.  Variable substitution  on
           command happens early, at the same time it does for the rest of
           the if command.  command must  be  a  simple  command,  not  an
           alias,  a  pipeline,  a command list or a parenthesized command
           list, but it  may  have  arguments.   Input/output  redirection
           occurs  even if expr is false and command is thus not executed;
           this is a bug.

   if (expr) then
   ...
   else if (expr2) then
   ...
   else
   ...
   endif   If the specified expr is true then the commands  to  the  first
           else are executed; otherwise if expr2 is true then the commands
           to the second else are executed, etc.  Any  number  of  else-if
           pairs are possible; only one endif is needed.  The else part is
           likewise optional.  (The words else and endif  must  appear  at
           the  beginning  of input lines; the if must appear alone on its
           input line or after an else.)

  Logical, arithmetical and comparison operators
       These operators are similar to those of C and have the same precedence.
       They include

           ||  &&  |  ^  &  ==  !=  =~  !~  <=  >=
           <  > <<  >>  +  -  *  /  %  !  ~  (  )
...