如何將Hibernate從MySQL遷移到SQL Server？

Question

我需要將我的JPA / Hibernate（5.1）Java EE應用程序從MySQL遷移到SQL Server（2012）。 自從JPA提供抽象以來，我的謙虛思想就是簡單明了。

我開始在Wildfly 10上加載SQL Server JDBC 4.2驅動程序，從Microsoft網站下載，並定義新的數據源，從而成功進行連接測試。

然后，我重新發布了我的應用程序讓Hibernate重建數據庫表，但我堅持這個：

13:27:29,268 WARN  [org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper] (ServerService Thread Pool -- 61) SQL Error: 1038, SQLState: S0004
13:27:29,268 ERROR [org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper] (ServerService Thread Pool -- 61) An object or column name is missing or empty. For SELECT INTO statements, verify each column has a name. For other statements, look for empty alias names. Aliases defined as "" or [] are not allowed. Change the alias to a valid name.
13:27:29,270 ERROR [org.jboss.msc.service.fail] (ServerService Thread Pool -- 61) MSC000001: Failed to start service jboss.persistenceunit."best.war#best": org.jboss.msc.service.StartException in service jboss.persistenceunit."best.war#best": javax.persistence.PersistenceException: [PersistenceUnit: best] Unable to build Hibernate SessionFactory
    at org.jboss.as.jpa.service.PersistenceUnitServiceImpl$1$1.run(PersistenceUnitServiceImpl.java:172)
    at org.jboss.as.jpa.service.PersistenceUnitServiceImpl$1$1.run(PersistenceUnitServiceImpl.java:117)
    at org.wildfly.security.manager.WildFlySecurityManager.doChecked(WildFlySecurityManager.java:667)
    at org.jboss.as.jpa.service.PersistenceUnitServiceImpl$1.run(PersistenceUnitServiceImpl.java:182)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
    at org.jboss.threads.JBossThread.run(JBossThread.java:320)
Caused by: javax.persistence.PersistenceException: [PersistenceUnit: best] Unable to build Hibernate SessionFactory
    at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.persistenceException(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:954)
    at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.build(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:884)
    at org.jboss.as.jpa.hibernate5.TwoPhaseBootstrapImpl.build(TwoPhaseBootstrapImpl.java:44)
    at org.jboss.as.jpa.service.PersistenceUnitServiceImpl$1$1.run(PersistenceUnitServiceImpl.java:154)
    ... 7 more
Caused by: org.hibernate.exception.SQLGrammarException: Error accessing table metadata
    at org.hibernate.exception.internal.SQLStateConversionDelegate.convert(SQLStateConversionDelegate.java:106)
    at org.hibernate.exception.internal.StandardSQLExceptionConverter.convert(StandardSQLExceptionConverter.java:42)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper.convert(SqlExceptionHelper.java:111)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper.convert(SqlExceptionHelper.java:97)
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.extract.internal.InformationExtractorJdbcDatabaseMetaDataImpl.convertSQLException(InformationExtractorJdbcDatabaseMetaDataImpl.java:99)
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.extract.internal.InformationExtractorJdbcDatabaseMetaDataImpl.locateTableInNamespace(InformationExtractorJdbcDatabaseMetaDataImpl.java:354)
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.extract.internal.InformationExtractorJdbcDatabaseMetaDataImpl.getTable(InformationExtractorJdbcDatabaseMetaDataImpl.java:228)
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.internal.exec.ImprovedDatabaseInformationImpl.getTableInformation(ImprovedDatabaseInformationImpl.java:109)
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.internal.SchemaMigratorImpl.performMigration(SchemaMigratorImpl.java:252)
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.internal.SchemaMigratorImpl.doMigration(SchemaMigratorImpl.java:137)
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.internal.SchemaMigratorImpl.doMigration(SchemaMigratorImpl.java:110)
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.spi.SchemaManagementToolCoordinator.performDatabaseAction(SchemaManagementToolCoordinator.java:176)
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.spi.SchemaManagementToolCoordinator.process(SchemaManagementToolCoordinator.java:64)
    at org.hibernate.internal.SessionFactoryImpl.<init>(SessionFactoryImpl.java:458)
    at org.hibernate.boot.internal.SessionFactoryBuilderImpl.build(SessionFactoryBuilderImpl.java:465)
    at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.build(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:881)
    ... 9 more
Caused by: com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerException: An object or column name is missing or empty. For SELECT INTO statements, verify each column has a name. For other statements, look for empty alias names. Aliases defined as "" or [] are not allowed. Change the alias to a valid name.
    at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerException.makeFromDatabaseError(SQLServerException.java:217)
    at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.TDSTokenHandler.onEOF(tdsparser.java:251)
    at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.TDSParser.parse(tdsparser.java:81)
    at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.TDSParser.parse(tdsparser.java:36)
    at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerConnection$1ConnectionCommand.doExecute(SQLServerConnection.java:1834)
    at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.TDSCommand.execute(IOBuffer.java:6276)
    at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerConnection.executeCommand(SQLServerConnection.java:1793)
    at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerConnection.connectionCommand(SQLServerConnection.java:1839)
    at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerConnection.setCatalog(SQLServerConnection.java:2190)
    at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDatabaseMetaData.switchCatalogs(SQLServerDatabaseMetaData.java:331)
    at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDatabaseMetaData.getResultSetFromStoredProc(SQLServerDatabaseMetaData.java:282)
    at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDatabaseMetaData.getResultSetWithProvidedColumnNames(SQLServerDatabaseMetaData.java:309)
    at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDatabaseMetaData.getTables(SQLServerDatabaseMetaData.java:496)
    at org.hibernate.tool.schema.extract.internal.InformationExtractorJdbcDatabaseMetaDataImpl.locateTableInNamespace(InformationExtractorJdbcDatabaseMetaDataImpl.java:339)
    ... 19 more

13:27:29,278 ERROR [org.jboss.as.controller.management-operation] (Controller Boot Thread) WFLYCTL0013: Operation ("deploy") failed - address: ([("deployment" => "best.war")]) - failure description: {"WFLYCTL0080: Failed services" => {"jboss.persistenceunit.\"best.war#best\"" => "org.jboss.msc.service.StartException in service jboss.persistenceunit.\"best.war#best\": javax.persistence.PersistenceException: [PersistenceUnit: best] Unable to build Hibernate SessionFactory
    Caused by: javax.persistence.PersistenceException: [PersistenceUnit: best] Unable to build Hibernate SessionFactory
    Caused by: org.hibernate.exception.SQLGrammarException: Error accessing table metadata
    Caused by: com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerException: An object or column name is missing or empty. For SELECT INTO statements, verify each column has a name. For other statements, look for empty alias names. Aliases defined as \"\" or [] are not allowed. Change the alias to a valid name."}}
13:27:29,300 INFO  [org.jboss.as.server] (ServerService Thread Pool -- 34) WFLYSRV0010: Deployed "best.war" (runtime-name : "best.war")
13:27:29,301 INFO  [org.jboss.as.controller] (Controller Boot Thread) WFLYCTL0183: Service status report
WFLYCTL0186:   Services which failed to start:      service jboss.persistenceunit."best.war#best": org.jboss.msc.service.StartException in service jboss.persistenceunit."best.war#best": javax.persistence.PersistenceException: [PersistenceUnit: best] Unable to build Hibernate SessionFactory

發生了什么？ 這是我的persistence.xml ：

<persistence version="2.1" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_1.xsd">
    <persistence-unit name="best" transaction-type="JTA">
        <jta-data-source>java:/datasource/mssql/best</jta-data-source>
        <properties>
            <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="update" />
        </properties>
    </persistence-unit>
  </persistence-units>
</persistence>

我嘗試添加這個，因為我在SQL Server 2012上，但沒有改變：

<property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServer2012Dialect" />

有什么想法或建議嗎？

更新

問題似乎只發生在hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto = update ，因為create它有效。 但是我真的需要像MySQL那樣update工作，因為我正在進行大量開發並且我的架構經常更改。

Answer 1

SQL Server需要顯式的目錄和架構設置。

persistence.xml中的其他說明：

<property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServer2012Dialect" />
<property name="hibernate.default_catalog" value="[database name]" />
<property name="hibernate.default_schema" value="dbo" />
<property name="hibernate.id.new_generator_mappings" value="false" />

---

裁判：

• java - 使用Hibernate和SQL Server 2008的問題 - Stack Overflow
• java - JPA GenerationType.AUTO沒有考慮具有自動增量的列 - Stack Overflow

Answer 2

當您使用帶有架構值的@Table但沒有目錄值且在persistence.xml中未指定hibernate.default_catalog時，問題就會出現。

這是我的pov中的一個錯誤。 它在4.3中工作得非常好。 現在，如果在@Table中只指定了架構且沒有目錄，Hibernate不會向SQL Server發出正確的查詢！ 我在這里提出了一個錯誤： https ： //hibernate.atlassian.net/browse/HHH-10978

Answer 3

MySQL和SQL Server都有一些特定的關鍵字或保留名稱。

檢查您的實體是否不使用任何表名或列名。

Answer 4

我使用hibernate 5.1.0.Final與SQL Server 2012有類似的問題。我降級到休眠4.3.11.Final並解決了問題。

Hibernate EntityManager 5.1.0.Final

INFO  Version:37 - HHH000412: Hibernate Core {5.1.0.Final}
INFO  Environment:213 - HHH000206: hibernate.properties not found
INFO  Environment:317 - HHH000021: Bytecode provider name : javassist
INFO  Version:66 - HCANN000001: Hibernate Commons Annotations {5.0.1.Final}
INFO  Dialect:156 - HHH000400: Using dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServer2012Dialect
INFO  Version:30 - HV000001: Hibernate Validator 5.2.4.Final
WARN  SqlExceptionHelper:129 - SQL Error: 1038, SQLState: S0004
ERROR SqlExceptionHelper:131 - Falta o está vacío un nombre de objeto o columna. Compruebe si todas las columnas de las instrucciones SELECT INTO tienen un nombre. Para otras instrucciones, busque si hay nombres de alias vacíos. No se permiten los alias definidos como "" o []. Cambie el alias por un nombre válido.

Hibernate EntityManager 4.3.11.Final

Version:54 - HHH000412: Hibernate Core {4.3.11.Final}
Environment:239 - HHH000206: hibernate.properties not found
Environment:346 - HHH000021: Bytecode provider name : javassist
Version:66 - HCANN000001: Hibernate Commons Annotations {4.0.5.Final}
Dialect:145 - HHH000400: Using dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.SQLServer2012Dialect
ASTQueryTranslatorFactory:47 - HHH000397: Using ASTQueryTranslatorFactory
Version:30 - HV000001: Hibernate Validator 5.2.4.Final
SchemaValidator:157 - HHH000229: Running schema validator
SchemaValidator:165 - HHH000102: Fetching database metadata
TableMetadata:65 - HHH000261: Table found: rino.rino.tipo_ticket

希望這可以幫助！

Answer 5

我遲到了這個帖子，但是當我無法讓Spring Boot JPA與MySQL SQL和Postgres一起工作時使用MS SQL Server。

這個線程對使用Hibernate 5.0.12.Final的 Spring Boot 1.5.9.RELEASE非常有幫助。

另請注意，許多教程都顯示了Spring Boot application.propeties文件，其中包含數據庫和hibernate的條目，這些條目現在已被Spring Boot的新屬性所取代。

因此，如果您將Spring Boot與Microsoft SQL Server一起使用，請使用以下樣式的屬性

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:sqlserver://127.0.0.1:1433;jdbc.databaseName=mydb
spring.datasource.username=admin
spring.datasource.password=aadmin
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver
spring.jpa.database=sql-server
spring.jpa.show-sql=true
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=update

在您的實體中，您需要提供以下架構信息：

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table(schema="dbo", name="MyUser",catalog="mydatabase")
public class MyUser {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public MyUser() {
    }

    public MyUser(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" + ", name='" + name + '\'' + ", Age=" + age + '}';
    }
}

注意： @Table注釋的catalog屬性應該是您的數據庫名稱。 當使用如上所述的Spring Boot和Hibernate的組合時，它是連接和訪問Microsoft SQL Server所必需的。