具有動態年份列的數據透視表

Question

我很難弄清楚這一點。 我已經檢查了類似的帖子，但它們只有一列作為樞軸旋轉。 雖然我需要旋轉

我有以下查詢：

SELECT  
      Year([Date]) as Year
      ,SUM([Drop]) as [Drop]
      ,SUM([TicketsDistributed]) as [TicketsDistributed]
      ,SUM([TicketsSold]) as [TicketsSold]
      ,SUM([GrossTickets]) as [GrossTickets]
      ,SUM([GrossTickets])/SUM(TicketsSold) as 'Per Cap'
  FROM [dbo].[Tickets]
  group by [Date]

這給我這個結果：

Year    Drop    TicketsDistributed  TicketsSold GrossTickets    Per Cap
2016    222          100                 5000     4000.00       0.800000
2015    222          110                 5000     4000.00       0.900000
2014    222          120                 5000     4000.00       1.00000

我想要以下內容：

                       2016   2015   2014   
Drop                   222    222    222    
TicketsDistributed     100    110    120    
TicketsSold            5000   5000   5000     
GrossTickets           4000   4000   4000
Per Cap                0.8     0.9   1

根據建議的答案，這是我到目前為止所擁有的，但無法正常工作

DECLARE @cols AS NVARCHAR(MAX),
    @query  AS NVARCHAR(MAX)

select @cols = STUFF((SELECT ',' + QUOTENAME(Year(Date)) 
                    from [dbo].[SpringTrainings] t
                    cross apply
                    (
                        select    SUM([Drop]) as [Drop]
      ,SUM([TicketsDistributed]) as [TicketsDistributed]
      ,SUM([TicketsSold]) as [TicketsSold]
      ,SUM([GrossTickets]) as [GrossTickets]
      ,SUM([GrossTickets])/SUM(TicketsSold) as PerCap
  FROM [dbo].[SpringTrainings]
                    ) c ([Drop],[TicketsDistributed],[TicketsSold],[GrossTickets],PerCap)
                    group by Year(Date)
                    order by Year(Date)
            FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
            ).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)') 
        ,1,1,'')




set @query = 'SELECT [Drop],[TicketsDistributed],[TicketsSold],[GrossTickets],PerCap,' + @cols + ' 
            from 
            (
                select SUM([Drop]) as [Drop]
      ,SUM([TicketsDistributed]) as [TicketsDistributed]
      ,SUM([TicketsSold]) as [TicketsSold]
      ,SUM([GrossTickets]) as [GrossTickets]
      ,SUM([GrossTickets])/SUM(TicketsSold) as PerCap
        FROM [dbo].[SpringTrainings]

            ) x
            pivot 
            (
                max(Year([Date]))
                for Year([Date]) in (' + @cols + ')
            ) p '

execute sp_executesql @query;

Answer 1

如果希望在T-SQL中繼續使用數據透視運算符，則首先需要“取消透視”現有查詢，以便具有Year，Label和Value。 雖然我個人在T-SQL中有一個可靠的運算符，但我發現使用CROSS APPLY和VALUES更加簡單，同樣快捷（有關Brad Schultz的更多信息，請閱讀 Brad Schultz的文章 ），我特別喜歡它，因為我可以直觀地看到結果順便說一下，我對值對進行布局。

SELECT
      d.Year
    , a.label
    , a.value
FROM (
      SELECT
            YEAR([Date]) AS [Year]
          , SUM([Drop]) AS [Drop]
          , SUM([TicketsDistributed]) AS [TicketsDistributed]
          , SUM([TicketsSold]) AS [TicketsSold]
          , SUM([GrossTickets]) AS [GrossTickets]
          , SUM([GrossTickets]) / SUM(TicketsSold) AS [PerCap]
      FROM [dbo].[Tickets]
      GROUP BY
            [Year]
      ) AS t
      CROSS APPLY ( /* now transform into 5 rows per year but just 1 value column */
          VALUES
                 ('Drop',t.Drop)
               , ('TicketsDistributed',t.TicketsDistributed)
               , ('TicketsSold',t.TicketsSold)
               , ('GrossTickets',t.GrossTickets)
               , ('PerCap',t.PerCap)
      ) AS a (label, value)

該查詢（上面）替換了動態SQL中的派生表x 。 一旦將數據整理成表格，數據透視表就會變得更加簡單：

       ) x
        pivot 
        (
            max([x.Value])
            for [x.Year] in ([2014],[2015],[2016])
        ) p

對於您的@cols，我建議這樣的簡單操作：

SELECT DISTINCT
    QUOTENAME(Year([date])) 
FROM [dbo].[Tickets]

提示 ：如果您需要一種排序行的方法，也可以將其包括在十字架中，如下所示：

      CROSS APPLY ( /* now transform into 5 rows per year but just 1 value column */
          VALUES
                 (1, 'Drop',t.Drop)
               , (2, 'TicketsDistributed',t.TicketsDistributed)
               , (3, 'TicketsSold',t.TicketsSold)
               , (4, 'GrossTickets',t.GrossTickets)
               , (5, 'PerCap',t.PerCap)
      ) AS a (row_order, label, value)

然后可以在執行數據透視后使用[row_order]。

因此整體看起來像這樣：

DECLARE @cols AS nvarchar(max)
      , @query AS nvarchar(max)

SELECT @cols = STUFF((
            SELECT DISTINCT
                  ',' + QUOTENAME(YEAR([date]))
            FROM [dbo].[Tickets]
            FOR xml PATH (''), TYPE
      )
      .value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)')
      , 1, 1, '')


SET @query = 'SELECT [Year], [Label], '
            + @cols 
            + ' FROM (
                  SELECT
                        d.Year
                      , a.label
                      , a.value
                  FROM (
                        SELECT
                              YEAR([Date]) AS [Year]
                            , SUM([Drop]) AS [Drop]
                            , SUM([TicketsDistributed]) AS [TicketsDistributed]
                            , SUM([TicketsSold]) AS [TicketsSold]
                            , SUM([GrossTickets]) AS [GrossTickets]
                            , SUM([GrossTickets]) / SUM(TicketsSold) AS [PerCap]
                        FROM [dbo].[Tickets]
                        GROUP BY
                              [Year]
                  ) AS d
                        CROSS APPLY (
                                  VALUES
                                         (1,''Drop'',t.Drop)
                                       , (2,''TicketsDistributed'',t.TicketsDistributed)
                                       , (3,''TicketsSold'',t.TicketsSold)
                                       , (4,''GrossTickets'',t.GrossTickets)
                                       , (5,''PerCap'',t.PerCap)
                        ) AS a (row_order,label,value)
                ) x
            pivot 
            (
                max([x.Value])
                for [x.Year] in (' + @cols + ')
            ) p
            ORDER BY [row_order]'

EXECUTE sp_executesql @query;