[英]Why does the while loop in my python program not end?
我是一名新手程序員，正在學習 Python 作為第一語言。 為了練習，我制作了一個程序來生成一個完整的數獨謎題，希望以后可以作為帶有 GUI 的數獨游戲的一部分使用。 但截至目前，它什么也沒做。 我的意思是當它運行時，屏幕上不會打印任何內容。 我已經檢查以確保所有內容的格式都正確，並且據我所知，我的所有語法都是正確的。 是否有一些邏輯錯誤沒有引起我的注意？ 無論如何，我懷疑有什么東西阻止了我的 while 循環中斷。 此外，我意識到我的程序可能太長了，但由於我才剛剛開始學習該程序，因此我可以使用的工具包非常有限。
這是我的整個程序：
# Sudoku puzzle maker
# Practice game that makes an unfinished sudoku puzzle for the player to solve
import random
# The readout string stores the assigned numbers given to each square
# in the puzzle.
readout = ""
# The "c" strings store the numbers contained in each of the columns.
# The program will check these strings to make sure that only one of each
# number from 1 to 9 is in each column.
# The same is true for the "r" (row) and "b" (box) strings.
c1 = ""
c2 = ""
c3 = ""
c4 = ""
c5 = ""
c6 = ""
c7 = ""
c8 = ""
c9 = ""
r1 = ""
r2 = ""
r3 = ""
r4 = ""
r5 = ""
r6 = ""
r7 = ""
r8 = ""
r9 = ""
b1 = ""
b2 = ""
b3 = ""
b4 = ""
b5 = ""
b6 = ""
b7 = ""
b8 = ""
b9 = ""
# The "square" strings store the location of each square as a 3-digit code,
# the first digit is the column, the second the row, and the third the box.
# For example, the fourth square is in c4 (column 4), r1 (row 1),
# and b2 (3x3 box 2), so its corresponding string is "412".
square_1 = "111"
square_2 = "211"
square_3 = "311"
square_4 = "412"
square_5 = "512"
square_6 = "612"
square_7 = "713"
square_8 = "813"
square_9 = "913"
square_10 = "121"
square_11 = "221"
square_12 = "321"
square_13 = "422"
square_14 = "522"
square_15 = "622"
square_16 = "723"
square_17 = "823"
square_18 = "923"
square_19 = "131"
square_20 = "231"
square_21 = "331"
square_22 = "432"
square_23 = "532"
square_24 = "632"
square_25 = "733"
square_26 = "833"
square_27 = "933"
square_28 = "144"
square_29 = "244"
square_30 = "344"
square_31 = "445"
square_32 = "545"
square_33 = "645"
square_34 = "746"
square_35 = "846"
square_36 = "946"
square_37 = "154"
square_38 = "254"
square_39 = "354"
square_40 = "455"
square_41 = "555"
square_42 = "655"
square_43 = "756"
square_44 = "856"
square_45 = "956"
square_46 = "164"
square_47 = "264"
square_48 = "364"
square_49 = "465"
square_50 = "565"
square_51 = "665"
square_52 = "766"
square_53 = "866"
square_54 = "966"
square_55 = "177"
square_56 = "277"
square_57 = "377"
square_58 = "478"
square_59 = "578"
square_60 = "678"
square_61 = "779"
square_62 = "879"
square_63 = "979"
square_64 = "187"
square_65 = "287"
square_66 = "387"
square_67 = "488"
square_68 = "588"
square_69 = "688"
square_70 = "789"
square_71 = "889"
square_72 = "989"
square_73 = "197"
square_74 = "297"
square_75 = "397"
square_76 = "498"
square_77 = "598"
square_78 = "698"
square_79 = "799"
square_80 = "899"
square_81 = "999"
# The "master_list" is a tuple that stores all of the "square" strings in order
# of their appearance. I realize now that I could have just had it store the
# strings directly, but I'm too lazy to go back and change it.
master_list = (square_1, square_2, square_3, square_4, square_5, square_6, square_7, square_8, square_9,\
square_10, square_11, square_12, square_13, square_14, square_15, square_16, square_17, square_18,\
square_19, square_20, square_21, square_22, square_23, square_24, square_25, square_26, square_27,\
square_28, square_29, square_30, square_31, square_32, square_33, square_34, square_35, square_36,\
square_37, square_38, square_39, square_40, square_41, square_42, square_43, square_44, square_45,\
square_46, square_47, square_48, square_49, square_50, square_51, square_52, square_53, square_54,\
square_55, square_56, square_57, square_58, square_59, square_60, square_61, square_62, square_63,\
square_64, square_65, square_66, square_67, square_68, square_69, square_70, square_71, square_72,\
square_73, square_74, square_75, square_76, square_77, square_78, square_79, square_80, square_81)
# This for loop, for each square, picks a random number, converts it from an
# integer into a string, and checks to see if it is already in the same column,
# row, or box. It checks this by deciding which "c" "r" and "b" string
# to look into based on the 3-digit code in each "square" string, and if
# it finds that the number it picked is already in the same c, r, or b, it
# tries again with a new random number. If the number fits, it is added to
# the proper "c", "r", and "b" strings for future reference, and added to the
# "readout" string.
for square in master_list:
while True:
number = str(random.randint)
# Here the program finds which column the square is in, and checks that column.
if square[0] == "1":
column = c1
if number in c1:
continue
elif square[0] == "2":
column = c2
if number in c2:
continue
elif square[0] == "3":
column = c3
if number in c3:
continue
elif square[0] == "4":
column = c4
if number in c4:
continue
elif square[0] == "5":
column = c5
if number in c5:
continue
elif square[0] == "6":
column = c6
if number in c6:
continue
elif square[0] == "7":
column = c7
if number in c7:
continue
elif square[0] == "8":
column = c8
if number in c8:
continue
elif square[0] == "9":
column = c9
if number in c9:
continue
#Here the program finds which row it is in and checks the row.
if square[1] == "1":
row = r1
if number in r1:
continue
elif square[1] == "2":
row = r2
if number in r2:
continue
elif square[1] == "3":
row = r3
if number in r3:
continue
elif square[1] == "4":
row = r4
if number in r4:
continue
elif square[1] == "5":
row = r5
if number in r5:
continue
elif square[1] == "6":
row = r6
if number in r6:
continue
elif square[1] == "7":
row = r7
if number in r7:
continue
elif square[1] == "8":
row = r8
if number in r8:
continue
elif square[1] == "9":
row = r9
if number in r9:
continue
#Here it finds which box it is in and checks the box.
if square[2] == "1":
box = b1
if number in b1:
continue
elif square[2] == "2":
box = b2
if number in b2:
continue
elif square[2] == "3":
box = b3
if number in b3:
continue
elif square[2] == "4":
box = b4
if number in b4:
continue
elif square[2] == "5":
box = b5
if number in b5:
continue
elif square[2] == "6":
box = b6
if number in b6:
continue
elif square[2] == "7":
box = b7
if number in b7:
continue
elif square[2] == "8":
box = b8
if number in b8:
continue
elif square[2] == "9":
box = b9
if number in b9:
continue
# If a random number has gotten this far, it means it has passed inspection.
# Now the program concatenates the number to the correct "c", "r" and "b"
# strings for future reference.
if column == c1:
c1 += number
elif column == c2:
c2 += number
elif column == c3:
c3 += number
elif column == c4:
c4 += number
elif column == c5:
c5 += number
elif column == c6:
c6 += number
elif column == c7:
c7 += number
elif column == c8:
c8 += number
elif column == c9:
c9 += number
if row == r1:
r1 += number
elif row == r2:
r2 += number
elif row == r3:
r3 += number
elif row == r4:
r4 += number
elif row == r5:
r5 += number
elif row == r6:
r6 += number
elif row == r7:
r7 += number
elif row == r8:
r8 += number
elif row == r9:
r9 += number
if box == b1:
b1 += number
elif box == b2:
b2 += number
elif box == b3:
b3 += number
elif box == b4:
b4 += number
elif box == b5:
b5 += number
elif box == b6:
b6 += number
elif box == b7:
b7 += number
elif box == b8:
b8 += number
elif box == b9:
b9 += number
# Now the number is added to the readout and the while loop breaks, moving
# the for loop on to the next square.
readout += number
break
print(readout)
input("\n\nyay it worked.")
您的代碼將永遠運行，因為如果您進入無法解決的棋盤狀態，您的算法中沒有任何內容可以使其回溯。 例如，考慮該板前兩行的值：
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3
到目前為止輸入的數字都是合法的，因為它們在行、列或框中不重疊。 但是沒有合法值可以放在第二行的最后一列。 如果您的代碼在此模式中隨機放置前 17 個數字，則在嘗試放置第 18 個數字時將永遠卡住。 在卡住之前，您的程序很可能比這更進一步，但卡住的可能性可能比生成一個完整的棋盤要大（我不確定概率是如何計算的）。
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