使用C語言在linux中從串口讀取

Question

我是使用 C 語言在 Linux (Fedora 12) 中進行 serail 編程的新手。 我有一個簡單的設備，它應該以十六進制（寫入）獲取 3 個字節的命令，例如 {0x02,0x03,0x0D} 並返回 4 個字節的響應。

首先，我在 Windows 上編寫了一個簡單的 java 程序，並得到了正確的響應.. 當我切換到 linux 時，無論使用 java 還是 C 語言，我都無法從串行 com 端口讀取。

我嘗試使用像rs232 .. 這樣的庫，但問題仍然存在。 我可以打開“/dev/ttyS0”，然后在上面寫..（它們都沒有返回任何錯誤），但無法讀取..

如果我使用規范模式，程序會阻止讀取，直到我殺死程序。並逐字節寫入或同時寫入所有內容..沒有區別..)

rs232.c

#include "rs232.h"

int Cport[6],
    error;

struct termios new_port_settings,
       old_port_settings[6];

char comports[6][16]={"/dev/ttyS0","/dev/ttyS1","/dev/ttyS2","/dev/ttyS3","/dev/ttyS4","/dev/ttyS5"};

int RS232_OpenComport(int comport_number, int baudrate, const char *mode)
{
  int baudr,
      status;

  if((comport_number>5)||(comport_number<0))
  {
    printf("illegal comport number\n");
    return(1);
  }

  switch(baudrate)
  {
    case    2400 : baudr = B2400;
                   break;
    case    4800 : baudr = B4800;
                   break;
    case    9600 : baudr = B9600;
                   break;
    case   19200 : baudr = B19200;
                   break;

    default      : printf("invalid baudrate\n");
                   return(1);
                   break;
  }

  int cbits=CS8,
      cpar=0,
      ipar=IGNPAR,
      bstop=0;

  if(strlen(mode) != 3)
  {
    printf("invalid mode \"%s\"\n", mode);
    return(1);
  }

  switch(mode[0])
  {
    case '8': cbits = CS8;
              break;
    case '7': cbits = CS7;
              break;
    case '6': cbits = CS6;
              break;
    case '5': cbits = CS5;
              break;
    default : printf("invalid number of data-bits '%c'\n", mode[0]);
              return(1);
              break;
  }

  switch(mode[1])
  {
    case 'N':
    case 'n': cpar = 0;
              ipar = IGNPAR;
              break;
    case 'E':
    case 'e': cpar = PARENB;
              ipar = INPCK;
              break;
    case 'O':
    case 'o': cpar = (PARENB | PARODD);
              ipar = INPCK;
              break;
    default : printf("invalid parity '%c'\n", mode[1]);
              return(1);
              break;
  }

  switch(mode[2])
  {
    case '1': bstop = 0;
              break;
    case '2': bstop = CSTOPB;
              break;
    default : printf("invalid number of stop bits '%c'\n", mode[2]);
              return(1);
              break;
  }


  Cport[comport_number] = open(comports[comport_number], O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY);
  if(Cport[comport_number]==-1)
  {
    perror("unable to open comport ");
    return(1);
  }

  /* lock access so that another process can't also use the port */
  if(flock(Cport[comport_number], LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB) != 0)
  {
    close(Cport[comport_number]);
    perror("Another process has locked the comport.");
    return(1);
  }

  error = tcgetattr(Cport[comport_number], old_port_settings + comport_number);
  if(error==-1)
  {
    close(Cport[comport_number]);
    perror("unable to read portsettings ");
    return(1);
  }
  memset(&new_port_settings, 0, sizeof(new_port_settings));  /* clear the new struct */

  new_port_settings.c_cflag = cbits | cpar | bstop | CLOCAL | CREAD;
  new_port_settings.c_iflag = ipar;
  new_port_settings.c_oflag = 0;
  new_port_settings.c_lflag = 0;
  new_port_settings.c_cc[VMIN] = 0;      /* block untill n bytes are received */
  new_port_settings.c_cc[VTIME] = 5;     /* block untill a timer expires (n * 100 mSec.) */

  cfsetispeed(&new_port_settings, baudr);
  cfsetospeed(&new_port_settings, baudr);

  error = tcsetattr(Cport[comport_number], TCSANOW, &new_port_settings);
  if(error==-1)
  {
    close(Cport[comport_number]);
    perror("unable to adjust portsettings ");
    return(1);
  }

  if(ioctl(Cport[comport_number], TIOCMGET, &status) == -1)
  {
    perror("unable to get portstatus");
    return(1);
  }

  status |= TIOCM_DTR;    /* turn on DTR */
  status |= TIOCM_RTS;    /* turn on RTS */

  if(ioctl(Cport[comport_number], TIOCMSET, &status) == -1)
  {
    perror("unable to set portstatus");
    return(1);
  }

  return(0);
}


int RS232_PollComport(int comport_number, unsigned char *buf, int size)
{
  int n;

  n = read(Cport[comport_number], buf, size);

  return(n);
}

int RS232_SendBuf(int comport_number, unsigned char *buf, int size)
{
  return(write(Cport[comport_number], buf, size));
}


void RS232_CloseComport(int comport_number)
{
  int status;

  if(ioctl(Cport[comport_number], TIOCMGET, &status) == -1)
  {
    perror("unable to get portstatus");
  }

  status &= ~TIOCM_DTR;    /* turn off DTR */
  status &= ~TIOCM_RTS;    /* turn off RTS */

  if(ioctl(Cport[comport_number], TIOCMSET, &status) == -1)
  {
    perror("unable to set portstatus");
  }

  tcsetattr(Cport[comport_number], TCSANOW, old_port_settings + comport_number);
  close(Cport[comport_number]);

  flock(Cport[comport_number], LOCK_UN); /* free the port so that others can use it. */
}


 void RS232_flushRXTX(int comport_number)
{
  tcflush(Cport[comport_number], TCIOFLUSH);
}

和

主文件

    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include <stdio.h>  
    #include <unistd.h>          
    #include "rs232.h"
    
    int main()
    {
        int  cport_nr=0,   bdrate=9600;     /* 9600 baud */
        
        char mode[]={'8','N','1',0},
        str[512];
             
        unsigned char buf[6000];
        memset(buf, '\0' , 6000);
        int buf_SIZE=sizeof(buf);

        if(RS232_OpenComport(cport_nr, bdrate, mode))
        {
           printf("Can not open comport\n");
         
           return(0);
        }
        unsigned char wr_buff[5];
        memset(wr_buff, '\0', 5);
        wr_buff[0] = 0x02;
        wr_buff[1] = 0x01;
        wr_buff[2] = 0x0D;

        int cnt = RS232_SendBuf(cport_nr, wr_buff, 3);
     
        printf("Number of bytes that has been written: %d\n",cnt);
        
        if (cnt <= 0 )
            return(-1);
        cnt =0 ;
        
        usleep(100000);
        printf("Start Reading ... \n");
        
        
        int i = 0;
        do {
        cnt = RS232_PollComport(cport_nr,(buf+i), 1);
        i++;}
        while(cnt>0);
                
        printf ("%d bytes have been read\n");
                        
        RS232_CloseComport(cport_nr);

return (1);
}

我真的很困惑..我幾乎嘗試了互聯網上的所有樣本..

y 想法好嗎？！ 我已經使用 strace 跟蹤了該程序。

...

寫(3,"\\2\\3\\r",3) = 3

fstat64(1, {st_mode=S_IFREG| 0755, st_size =0,..}) = 0

mmap2(NULL,4096,PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS,-1,0) = 0Xb78b4000

nanosleep({0, 100000000}, NULL) = 0

讀（3，“”，1）= 0

.....

問題可能與fedora12有關嗎？

PS：如果我在 Windows 中沒有得到響應，我確定是設備有問題。

Answer 1

解決了 ...

這是我的一個錯誤......事實上，一切都很好，問題在於我打印已讀取字節數的方式......我忘記在 %d 中放置“cnt”......

printf ("%d 個字節已被讀取\\n"); --> printf ("%d 個字節已被讀取\\n",cnt);

根據與我的設備的通信協議，我也應該只讀取 4 個字節..