在 Ubuntu 中安裝 npm

Question

我真的很難安裝npm 。 我已經成功安裝了nodejs包，但我的操作系統Ubuntu 15.10 (Wily Werewolf) 仍然無法識別npm命令，如下所示，即使在使用sudo apt-get update進行了幾次更新嘗試后也是如此：

user@user-T420:~$ sudo apt-get install nodejs
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
nodejs is already the newest version.
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  authbind diffstat hardening-includes libapt-pkg-perl libarchive-zip-perl
  libbonobo2-0 libbonobo2-common libcamel-1.2-29 libclass-accessor-perl
  libclone-perl libedataserver-1.2-15 libemail-valid-perl libgles1-mesa
  libgnome2-0 libgnome2-bin libgnome2-common libidl-common libidl0
  libindicate5 libio-pty-perl libio-string-perl libipc-run-perl
  libnet-dns-perl libnet-domain-tld-perl libnet-ip-perl liborbit2
  libperlio-gzip-perl libpoppler19 libqt5x11extras5 libsdl-image1.2
  libtext-levenshtein-perl libtiff4 libva-drm1 libxcb-composite0 libxcb-xv0
  linux-headers-4.2.0-16 linux-headers-4.2.0-16-generic
  linux-image-4.2.0-16-generic linux-image-extra-4.2.0-16-generic patchutils
  t1utils vlc-plugin-notify vlc-plugin-samba
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 3 not upgraded.
user@user-T420:~$ npm -v
The program 'npm' is currently not installed. You can install it by typing:
sudo apt-get install npm

user@user-T420:~$ sudo apt-get install npm
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 npm : Depends: nodejs-dev but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

user@user-T420:~$ sudo apt-get install nodejs-dev
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 nodejs-dev : Depends: libssl-dev (>= 1.0.0g) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

user@user-T420:~$ sudo apt-get install libssl-dev
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libssl-dev : Depends: libssl1.0.0 (= 1.0.1-4ubuntu5.36) but 1.0.2d-0ubuntu1.4 is to be installed
              Depends: zlib1g-dev but it is not going to be installed
              Recommends: libssl-doc but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

user@user-T420:~$ sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 zlib1g-dev : Depends: zlib1g (= 1:1.2.3.4.dfsg-3ubuntu4) but 1:1.2.8.dfsg-2ubuntu4 is to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

它看起來是一棵無限的依賴樹。 有解決辦法嗎？

如果這有任何幫助，這是我的sources.list文件：

#############################################################
############### OFFICIAL UBUNTU REPOSITORIES ################
#############################################################

###### Ubuntu Main Repositories
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse

###### Ubuntu Update Repos
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse

###### Ubuntu Partner Repository
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu precise partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu precise partner

###### Ubuntu Extras Repository
deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main
deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main

Answer 1

使用aptitude而不是 apt-get。 它更聰明。 它不僅會為您處理降級沖突包，還會提出一系列建議，詢問您想要哪些可能的建議工作場景。

sudo aptitude install myNewPackage

如果您的機器上還沒有 aptitude，請使用

sudo apt-get install aptitude