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C ++ Bitflaged枚舉到字符串

[英]C++ Bitflaged enum to string

當你將鼠標懸停在一個按位枚舉(或者它被稱為)變量(調試時)時,我試圖通過獲取枚舉並將其轉換為字符串來嘗試Intellisense在visual studio中所做的事情。

例如:

#include <iostream>

enum Color {
    White = 0x0000,
    Red = 0x0001,
    Green = 0x0002,
    Blue = 0x0004,
};

int main()
{
    Color yellow = Color(Green | Blue);
    std::cout << yellow << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

如果你將鼠標懸停在yellow你會看到:

在此輸入圖像描述

所以我想能夠打電話給:

std::cout << BitwiseEnumToString(yellow) << std::endl;

並輸出打印: Green | Blue Green | Blue

我寫了以下內容,試圖提供一種打印枚舉的通用方法:

#include <string>
#include <functional>
#include <sstream>

const char* ColorToString(Color color)
{
    switch (color)
    {
    case White:
        return "White";
    case Red:
        return "Red";
    case Green:
        return "Green";
    case Blue:
        return "Blue";
    default:
        return "Unknown Color";
    }
}

template <typename T>
std::string BitwiseEnumToString(T flags, const std::function<const char*(T)>& singleFlagToString)
{
    if (flags == 0)
    {
        return singleFlagToString(flags);
    }

    int index = flags;
    int mask = 1;
    bool isFirst = true;
    std::ostringstream oss;
    while (index)
    {
        if (index % 2 != 0)
        {
            if (!isFirst)
            {
                oss << " | ";
            }
            oss << singleFlagToString((T)(flags & mask));
            isFirst = false;
        }

        index = index >> 1;
        mask = mask << 1;
    }
    return oss.str();
}

所以現在我可以打電話:

int main()
{
    Color yellow = Color(Green | Blue);
    std::cout << BitwiseEnumToString<Color>(yellow, ColorToString) << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

我得到了所需的輸出。

我猜我找不到任何關於它的東西,因為我不知道它是怎么稱呼的,但無論如何 -

  1. std或boost中有什么東西可以用來提供這個嗎?

  2. 如果沒有,那么做這種事最有效的方法是什么? (或者我的太多了)

編輯:請參閱下面的通用template實現...但是請注意,這個template實現實際上踐踏了所有OVER ostreamoperator <<()實現! 如果enum是完整的類,並且template具有基類實現,那就更好了。 這個通用定義相當於中國商店的原子彈...


我用測試函數編寫了以下示例。 它使用C ++重載來讓你簡單地cout一個Color - 如果你想仍然能夠打印簡單的數值,你必須將它轉換為int

#include <iostream>

enum Color {
    White = 0x0000,
    Red   = 0x0001,
    Green = 0x0002,
    Blue  = 0x0004,
}; // Color

std::ostream &operator <<(std::ostream &os, Color color) {
    static const char *colors[] = { "Red", "Green", "Blue", 0 }; // Synchronise with Color enum!

    // For each possible color string...
    for (const char * const *ptr = colors;
         *ptr != 0;
         ++ptr) {

        // Get whether to print something
        bool output = (color & 0x01)!=0;

        // Is color bit set?
        if (output) {
            // Yes! Output that string.
            os << *ptr;
        } // if

        // Next bit in color
        color = (Color)(color >> 1);

        // All done?
        if (color == 0) {
            // Yes! Leave
            break;
        } // if

        // No, so show some more...
        if (output) {
           // If output something, need 'OR'
           os << " | ";
        } // if
    } // for
    return os;
} // operator <<(Color)

void PrintColor() {
    for (unsigned c = 0; c < 8; ++c) {
        Color color = Color(c);
        std::cout << color << std::endl;
    } // fors
} // PrintColor()

通用實現,帶有示例

首先,頭文件:

// EnumBitString.h

template <typename ENUM>
const char * const *Strings() {
    static const char *strings[] = { "Zero", 0 }; // By default there are no Strings
    return strings;
} // Strings<ENUM>()

template <typename ENUM>
std::ostream &operator <<(std::ostream &os, ENUM e) {
    const char * const *ptr = Strings<ENUM>();
    if (e == 0) {
        os.operator <<(*ptr);
        return os;
    } // if

    // For each possible ENUM string...
    while (*ptr != 0) {
        bool output = (e & 0x01) != 0;

        // Is bit set?
        if (output) {
            // Yes! Output that string.
            os.operator <<(*ptr);
        } // if

        // Next bit in e
        e = (ENUM)(e >> 1);

        // All done?
        if (e == 0) {
            // Yes! Leave
            break;
        } // if

        // No, so show some more...
        if (output) {
            os.operator <<(" | ");
        } // if

        ++ptr;
    } // while
    return os;
} // operator <<(ENUM)

接下來,您的示例:

// Colors.h

#include "EnumBitString.h"

enum Colors {
    White = 0x0000,
    Red   = 0x0001,
    Green = 0x0002,
    Blue  = 0x0004,
    NumColors = 4
}; // Colors

template <>
const char * const *Strings<Colors>() {
    static const char *strings[] { "White", // Zero case
                                   "Red",
                                   "Green",
                                   "Blue",
                                   0 }; // Don't forget final 0
    static_assert((sizeof(strings)/sizeof(strings[0])==NumColors+1, "Colors mismatch!");
    return strings;
} // Strings<Colors>()

然后,值中的另一個位示例:

// Flags.h

#include "EnumBitString.h"

enum Flags {
    CF = 0x0001,
//  Res1 = 0x02,
    PF = 0x0004,
//  Res2 = 0x08,
    AF = 0x0010,
//  Res3 = 0x20,
    ZF = 0x0040,
    NumFlags = 7
}; // Flags

template <>
const char * const *Strings<Flags>() {
    static const char *strings[] =  { "None",
                                      "Carry",
                                      "",
                                      "Parity",
                                      "",
                                      "Arithmetic",
                                      "",
                                      "Zero",
                                      0 }; // Don't forget final 0
    static_assert((sizeof(strings)/sizeof(strings[0])==NumFlags+1, "Flags mismatch!");
    return strings;
} // Strings<Flags>()

最后,一個測試程序:

#include <iostream>

#include "Colors.h"
#include "Flags.h"

void TestENUM() {
    for (unsigned c = 0; c < 0x0008; ++c) {
        Colors color = Colors(c);
        std::cout << color << std::endl;
    } // for
    for (unsigned f = 0; f < 0x0080; ++f) {
        Flags flag = Flags(f);
        std::cout << flag << std::endl;
    } // for
} // TestENUM()

很酷,對吧?

您將不得不維護枚舉的字符串表示列表,無論是在向量中,硬編碼等等。這是一種可能的實現方式。

enum Color : char
{
  White = 0x00,
  Red   = 0x01,
  Green = 0x02,
  Blue  = 0x04,
  //any others
}

std::string EnumToStr(Color color)
{
  std::string response;

  if(color & Color::White)
    response += "White | ";
  if(color & Color::Red)
    response += "Red | ";
  if(color & Color::Green)
    response += "Green | ";
  if(color & Color::Blue)
    response += "Blue | ";
  //do this for as many colors as you wish

  if(response.empty())
    response = "Unknown Color";
  else
    response.erase(response.end() - 3, response.end());

  return response;
}

然后按照相同的表單為要執行此操作的每個枚舉創建另一個EnumToStr函數

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