[英]How do I access packages installed by `pip --user`?
我意識到我有一個過時的 numpy 版本:
$ python
Python 2.7.10 (default, Oct 23 2015, 18:05:06)
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 7.0.0 (clang-700.0.59.5)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import numpy as np
>>> np.version.full_version
'1.8.0rc1'
我試圖更新它,但由於某種原因我無法在整台機器上安裝:
$ sudo pip install -U numpy
Password:
Downloading/unpacking numpy from https://pypi.python.org/packages/dd/9f/cd0ec9c50e4ed8650901ad4afde164e5252b6182a9e0c7bff5f8b4441960/numpy-1.11.1.zip#md5=5caa3428b24aaa07e72c79d115140e46
Downloading numpy-1.11.1.zip (4.7MB): 4.7MB downloaded
...
Found existing installation: numpy 1.8.0rc1
Uninstalling numpy:
Cleaning up...
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg/pip/basecommand.py", line 134, in main
status = self.run(options, args)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg/pip/commands/install.py", line 241, in run
requirement_set.install(install_options, global_options, root=options.root_path)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg/pip/req.py", line 1294, in install
requirement.uninstall(auto_confirm=True)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg/pip/req.py", line 525, in uninstall
paths_to_remove.remove(auto_confirm)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg/pip/req.py", line 1639, in remove
renames(path, new_path)
File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg/pip/util.py", line 294, in renames
shutil.move(old, new)
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 302, in move
copy2(src, real_dst)
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 131, in copy2
copystat(src, dst)
File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 103, in copystat
os.chflags(dst, st.st_flags)
OSError: [Errno 1] Operation not permitted: '/tmp/pip-fajcj_-uninstall/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/numpy-1.8.0rc1-py2.7.egg-info'
Storing complete log in /Users/csaftoiu/Library/Logs/pip.log
好的,我將安裝到--user
然后:
$ pip install -U --user numpy
...
Successfully installed numpy
但是版本沒有更新!
$ python
Python 2.7.10 (default, Oct 23 2015, 18:05:06)
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 7.0.0 (clang-700.0.59.5)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import numpy as np
>>> np.version.full_version
'1.8.0rc1'
安裝的版本go去哪了?
根據Python 文檔,這是使用“用戶方案”進行安裝:
文件將安裝到site.USER_BASE 的子目錄中(以下寫為userbase )。
您可以像這樣看到您的 USER_BASE 值:
$ python -c "import site; print(site.USER_BASE)"
/Users/csaftoiu/Library/Python/2.7
我發現在我的機器上,這是在sys.path
,但它在全局安裝目錄之后。
我通過將它添加到我的~/.bash_profile
來解決它:
# add user base to python path
export PYTHONPATH=$(python -c "import site, os; print(os.path.join(site.USER_BASE, 'lib', 'python', 'site-packages'))"):$PYTHONPATH
現在確實加載了最新版本:
$ python
Python 2.7.10 (default, Oct 23 2015, 18:05:06)
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 7.0.0 (clang-700.0.59.5)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import numpy
>>> numpy
<module 'numpy' from '/Users/csaftoiu/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages/numpy/__init__.pyc'>
>>> numpy.version.full_version
'1.11.1'
>>>
@克勞迪烏的解決方案效果很好,更干凈一點是:
python3 -m site --user-base
例如在你的~/.profile
:
PATH="$(python3 -m site --user-base)/bin:${PATH}"
我使用sudo pip install --user
選項安裝了軟件包,我必須執行sudo python
才能使其正常工作。
vishnu$ echo $PATH
/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin
使用 sudo:
vishnu$ sudo python
Python 2.7.10 (default, Jul 15 2017, 17:16:57)
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 9.0.0 (clang-900.0.31)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import rasa_core
>>>
沒有 sudo:
vishnu$ python
Python 2.7.10 (default, Jul 15 2017, 17:16:57)
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 9.0.0 (clang-900.0.31)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import rasa_core
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ImportError: No module named rasa_core
PS:我在 Mac OS High Sierra 上運行這些,我的問題是rasa_core
和依賴包。
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