使用關聯類型在Swift中協議一致性問題

Question

我不能使類符合使用associatedtype協議。 在Playground中，我輸入了一個簡短而簡單的示例來顯示該問題：生成ItemType兼容項的生產者和使用它們的消費者。 它跟隨：

protocol ItemType { }

protocol Producer: class {
    associatedtype T: ItemType
    func registerConsumer<C: Consumer where C.T == T>(consumer: C)
}

protocol Consumer: class {
    associatedtype T: ItemType
    func consume<P: Producer where P.T == T>(producer: P, item: T)
}

struct EmptyItem: ItemType { }

class DummyProducer: Producer {
    var consumer: DummyConsumer?

    func registerConsumer(consumer: DummyConsumer) {
        self.consumer = consumer
    }
}

class DummyConsumer: Consumer {
    func consume(producer: DummyProducer, item: EmptyItem) {
        print("Received \(item) from producer \(producer)")
    }
}

Xcode警告我以下錯誤：

Playground execution failed: MyPlaygroundYeYe.playground:14:7: error: type 'DummyProducer' does not conform to protocol 'Producer'
class DummyProducer: Producer {
      ^
MyPlaygroundYeYe.playground:3:20: note: protocol requires nested type 'T'
    associatedtype T: ItemType
                   ^
MyPlaygroundYeYe.playground:22:7: error: type 'DummyConsumer' does not conform to protocol 'Consumer'
class DummyConsumer: Consumer {
      ^
MyPlaygroundYeYe.playground:9:10: note: protocol requires function 'consume(_:item:)' with type '<P> (P, item: EmptyItem) -> ()' (aka '<τ_1_0> (τ_1_0, item: EmptyItem) -> ()')
    func consume<P: Producer where P.T == T>(producer: P, item: T)
         ^
MyPlaygroundYeYe.playground:23:10: note: candidate has non-matching type '(DummyProducer, item: EmptyItem) -> ()' [with T = EmptyItem]
    func consume(producer: DummyProducer, item: EmptyItem) {
         ^

關於該問題的解決方案（如果存在）的任何建議？

Answer 1

你應該像這樣定義你的DummyProducer和DummyConsumer類：

class DummyProducer: Producer {
    typealias T = EmptyItem

    func registerConsumer<C: Consumer where C.T == T>(consumer: C) {

    }
}

class DummyConsumer: Consumer {
    typealias T = EmptyItem

    func consume<P: Producer where P.T == T>(producer: P, item: T) {

    }
}

由於您在協議定義中嚴格指定了associatedType T為ItemType ，因此您無法在類中僅使用EmptyItem ，因為EmptyItem不是唯一可以采用ItemType協議的結構。