如何在帶有請求的Python中將主體包括到POST請求中

Question

我需要從頁面中提取所有巡航。 我發現我需要提出2個要求。 一個用於獲取總結果+參考單個巡航，另一個用於巡航本身。 到目前為止，ii已成功發出請求並獲得了JSON 。 問題是該請求僅返回首頁中包含的引用。 最初我用這個：

https://www.pocruises.com.au/sc_ignore/b2c/cruiseresults/searchresults

作為POST請求網址。 我是請求中的一些標頭：

Host: www.pocruises.com.au
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:52.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/52.0
Accept: application/json, text/plain, */*
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Referer: https://www.pocruises.com.au/cruises/search
Content-Type: application/json;charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 613
Cookie: ASP.NET_SessionId=zm50ahxa4uoiwcuowgkeizcn; SC_ANALYTICS_GLOBAL_COOKIE=f459da6904ee4cea8a809455f37b09c5|False; optimizelyEndUserId=oeu1480435687102r0.9194470051495017; optimizelySegments=%7B%223906442756%22%3A%22none%22%2C%223911484226%22%3A%22ff%22%2C%223917223299%22%3A%22direct%22%2C%223920524266%22%3A%22false%22%2C%224924982297%22%3A%22true%22%7D; optimizelyBuckets=%7B%227883701652%22%3A%227867701359%22%7D; _ga=GA1.3.1128287966.1480435688; AdBlockDetected=false; _msuuid_29439mm27589=D0670AB5-C96A-4706-A563-9F29FCA3D9D2; gwcc=%7B%22fallback%22%3A%221300159454%22%2C%22clabel%22%3A%22ykseCIGywFkQhoDuxQM%22%2C%22backoff%22%3A86400%2C%22backoff_expires%22%3A1480522087%7D; gaFindACruise=; _gat=1; optimizelyPendingLogEvents=%5B%22n%3Dengagement%26u%3Doeu1480435687102r0.9194470051495017%26wxhr%3Dtrue%26time%3D1480437791.708%26f%3D7274530066%2C7883701652%26g%3D3909534788%22%5D
Connection: keep-alive

到現在為止，如果不算我返回的僅有6個結果，它就可以工作。 在撰寫本文時，他們必須為106。 響應包含具有總數（正確）和頁數，總頁數等的元數據。 然后我看到了： Firefox屏幕快照此Request body包含所有頁面中導航所需的全部內容。 到目前為止，這是我的全部代碼：

import requests

url = "https://www.pocruises.com.au/sc_ignore/b2c/cruiseresults/searchresults"
session = requests.session()
data = {"searchParameters": {"p": [], "c": [], "d": [], "s": [], "ms": [], "adv": [], "sort": "dpa", "page": 5},
        "renderingParameters": {"DefaultSortOption": "dpa", "LargeScreenFlag": "true", "NewModelIsLoading": "false",
                                "PagingAnchor": "", "ViewStyleSelectorVisible": "true", "FilterBarVisible": "true",
                                "NumberOfResultsAndSortByPanelVisible": "true", "DefaultResultsView": "Grid",
                                "MaxNumberOfResults": 0, "PaginationEnabled": "true", "KeepPageState": "true",
                                "PageSize": 9, "DefaultResultsGrouping": "Itinerary", "Duration": [],
                                "CruiseItinerary": [], "Voyage": [], "ExcludeVoyage": [], "PromoCode": [],
                                "AdditionalPromoCodes": []}}
headers = {"Host": "www.pocruises.com.au",
           "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:52.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/52.0",
           "Accept": "application/json, text/plain, */*", "Accept-Language": "en-US,en;q=0.5",
           "Content-Type": "application/json;charset=utf-8",
           "Cookie": "ASP.NET_SessionId=zm50ahxa4uoiwcuowgkeizcn; "
                     "SC_ANALYTICS_GLOBAL_COOKIE=f459da6904ee4cea8a809455f37b09c5|False; "
                     "optimizelyEndUserId=oeu1480435687102r0.9194470051495017; "
                     "optimizelySegments=%7B%223906442756%22%3A%22none%22%2C%223911484226%22%3A%22ff%22%2C"
                     "%223917223299%22%3A%22direct%22%2C%223920524266%22%3A%22false%22%2C%224924982297%22%3A%22true"
                     "%22%7D; optimizelyBuckets=%7B%227883701652%22%3A%227867701359%22%7D; "
                     "_ga=GA1.3.1128287966.1480435688; AdBlockDetected=false; "
                     "_msuuid_29439mm27589=D0670AB5-C96A-4706-A563-9F29FCA3D9D2; "
                     "gwcc=%7B%22fallback%22%3A%221300159454%22%2C%22clabel%22%3A%22ykseCIGywFkQhoDuxQM%22%2C"
                     "%22backoff%22%3A86400%2C%22backoff_expires%22%3A1480522087%7D; gaFindACruise=; _gat=1; "
                     "optimizelyPendingLogEvents=%5B%5D",
           "Connection": "keep-alive"}
session.headers.update(headers)
page = session.post(url, headers=headers, data=data)
cruise_data = page.json()
print(cruise_data)



session.headers.update(headers)
page = session.post(url, headers=headers, data=data)
cruise_data = page.json()

但是現在我收到此錯誤：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/fixxxer/PycharmProjects/POCruses/main.py", line 31, in <module>
    cruise_data = page.json()
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/site-packages/requests/models.py", line 841, in json
    return complexjson.loads(self.text, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/json/__init__.py", line 319, in loads
    return _default_decoder.decode(s)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/json/decoder.py", line 339, in decode
    obj, end = self.raw_decode(s, idx=_w(s, 0).end())
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/json/decoder.py", line 357, in raw_decode
    raise JSONDecodeError("Expecting value", s, err.value) from None
json.decoder.JSONDecodeError: Expecting value: line 1 column 1 (char 0)

我想我做錯了body部位。 如何在請求中添加此正文？ 編輯：如果我刪除data參數，請求工作正常，但信息不是我所需要的。如果我用瀏覽器打開頁面並檢查發送到瀏覽器的響應，我會得到： ScreenShot即使沒有，我也會得到不同body 。 這就是我知道該body至關重要的信息。

Answer 1

它接縫該頁面期望數據為JSON因此您需要

page = session.post(url, json=data)

---

順便說一句：

服務器總是向新客戶端分配新cookie，尤其是cookie行ASP.NET_SessionId這樣更好的GET主頁可以在執行其他請求之前獲取新cookie。

在session.headers.update(headers)您不必在get() / post()使用headers=headers 。 如果某些請求需要一些額外的標頭，則可能只需要更改一些標頭即可。

如果您使用json=那么它將自動添加標頭"Content-Type": "application/json;charset=utf-8"

完整的代碼如下所示：

import requests

# -- create session ---

session = requests.session()

headers = {
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:52.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/52.0",
    "Accept": "application/json, text/plain, */*",
    "Accept-Language": "en-US,en;q=0.5",
    "Connection": "keep-alive"
}

# set headers for all requests
session.headers.update(headers)

# --- get cookies ---

url = "https://www.pocruises.com.au/"
page = session.get(url)

# --- search ---

data = {
    "searchParameters": {
        "p": [],
        "c": [],
        "d": [],
        "s": [],
        "ms": [],
        "adv": [],
        "sort": "dpa",
        "page": 5
    },
    "renderingParameters": {
        "DefaultSortOption": "dpa",
        "LargeScreenFlag": "true",
        "NewModelIsLoading": "false",
        "PagingAnchor": "",
        "ViewStyleSelectorVisible": "true",
        "FilterBarVisible": "true",
        "NumberOfResultsAndSortByPanelVisible": "true",
        "DefaultResultsView": "Grid",
        "MaxNumberOfResults": 0,
        "PaginationEnabled": "true",
        "KeepPageState": "true",
        "PageSize": 9,
        "DefaultResultsGrouping": "Itinerary",
        "Duration": [],
        "CruiseItinerary": [],
        "Voyage": [],
        "ExcludeVoyage": [],
        "PromoCode": [],
        "AdditionalPromoCodes": []
    }
}

url = "https://www.pocruises.com.au/sc_ignore/b2c/cruiseresults/searchresults"

# `json=` add `"Content-Type": "application/json;charset=utf-8"`

page = session.post(url, json=data)

print(page.text)
cruise_data = page.json()
print(cruise_data)