Python 3.5 Tkinter下拉菜單

Question

我以前在2.7中使用tkinter接口構建了一個程序，現在嘗試將其合並到3.5.2程序中，但是我遇到了很多錯誤，而且我不確定這是否是由於tkinter中的軟件包更改所致Python3.5.2。 主要問題是與下面的下拉菜單有關的是我的2.7版本以及3.5.2的錯誤以及我嘗試過的錯誤解決方案。

Tkinter代碼Python 2.7：

 from Tkinter import *
import tkMessageBox


OPTIONS = [
    "Homepage",
    "Instructions",
    "Contact Page"
]


root = Tk()
root.title("Tittle")
root.geometry('700x300')

var = StringVar(root)
var.set("Menu")
#var.set(OPTIONS[0])

menu = apply(OptionMenu, (root, var) + tuple(OPTIONS))
menu.pack(side=TOP, anchor=W)

#Set the separator between the menu and the buttons
separator = Frame(height=2, bd=1, relief=SUNKEN)
separator.pack(fill=X, padx=1, pady=20)
top = Frame(root)
center = Frame(root)
bottom = Frame(root)
top.pack(side=TOP)
center.pack(side=TOP)
bottom.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=BOTH, expand=True)

#Method to change the GUI when an option from the Menu is selected
def change_age(*args):
    if var.get()=="Homepage":
        b1.pack(in_=center, side=LEFT)
        b2.pack(in_=center, side=LEFT)
        b3.pack(in_=center, side=LEFT)
        b4.pack(in_=center, side=LEFT)
    if var.get()=="Instructions":
        L1.pack(in_=center, side=LEFT)


var.trace('w', change_age)

# create the widgets for the top part of the GUI
b1 = Button(root, text="Database Parser", height=5)
b1.place(x=170, y=500)
b2 = Button(root, text="Web Crawler", height=5)
b3 = Button(root, text="Password Generator", height=5)
b4 = Button(root, text="Dictionary Attack", height=5)

    #Instructions labels
L1 = Label(root, text="Instructions:\nHere you can write all your instructions")
L2 = Label(root, text="Contact Page:\nHere you can write all your contact information")


b1.pack(in_=center, side=LEFT)
b2.pack(in_=center, side=LEFT)
b3.pack(in_=center, side=LEFT)
b4.pack(in_=center, side=LEFT)

root.mainloop()

3.5.2解決方案一：

from tkinter import *
from tkinter.filedialog import askopenfilenames

import sys


OPTIONS = [
    'HOME'
    'INSTRUCTIONS'
]


root = Tk()
root.title('Title')
root.geometry('700x300')



 var = StringVar(root)
 var.set("Menu")


menu = apply(OptionMenu, (root, var) + tuple(OPTIONS))
menu.pack(side=TOP, anchor=W)



separator = Frame(height=2, bd=1, relief=SUNKEN)
separator.pack()

top = Frame(root)
center = Frame(root)
bottom = Frame(root)
top.pack(side=TOP)
center.pack(side=TOP)
bottom.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=BOTH, expand=True)


#Method changes GUI when an option from menu is selected
"""
def change_layout(*args):
    if var.get()=='Homepage':
        b1.pack(in_=center, side=LEFT)
        b2.pack(in_=center, side=LEFT)
        b3.pack(in_=center, side=LEFT)
    if var.get()=='Instructions':
        b1.pack_forget()
        b2.pack_forget()
        b3.pack_forget()
"""


def load_file():
    fname = askopenfilenames(filetypes= (("Text Files", ".txt"),
                            ("HTML Files", "*.html;*.htm"),
                                ("All Files", "*.*")))

    if fname:
        try:
            print('Files loaded')
        except OSError as Error:
            print('Files encountered error while loading')




# widgets for the top part of the GUI
b1 = Button(root, text='Select Files', height=5, command=load_file)
b1.place(x=170, y=500)
b2 = Button(root, text='Run Program', height=5)
b3 = Button(root, text='Save Results', height=5)



b1.pack(in_=center, SIDE=LEFT)
b2.pack(in_=center, SIDE=LEFT)
b3.pack(in_=center, SIDE=LEFT)



#Instructions - TODO Later date


root.mainloop()

解決方案一個錯誤：第一個問題發生在

menu = apply(OptionMenu, (root, var) + tuple(OPTIONS))

說明NameError：未定義名稱“ apply”。 我首先想到的是刪除它並繼續認為它在python 3.5.2中可能不需要，然后它告訴我我無法運行帶有錯誤代碼的代碼“ menu.pack（SIDE = TOP，anchor = W）”：

AttributeError: 'tuple' object has no attribute 'pack'

3.5.2解決方案2：

from tkinter import *
from tkinter.filedialog import askopenfilenames

import sys


class drop_down_menu(OptionMenu):
    def __init__(self, master, menu, *options):

        self.var = StringVar(master)
        self.var.set('Menu')
        OptionMenu.__init__(self, master, self.var, *options)
        self.init_ui()

    def init_ui(self):

        self.master.title('Test')
        self.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=1)


OPTIONS = [
    'HOME'
    'INSTRUCTIONS'
]


root = Tk()
root.title('Title')
root.geometry('700x300')

menu = drop_down_menu(root, 'Menu', OPTIONS)
menu.place



separator = Frame(height=2, bd=1, relief=SUNKEN)
separator.pack()

top = Frame(root)
center = Frame(root)
bottom = Frame(root)
top.pack(side=TOP)
center.pack(side=TOP)
bottom.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=BOTH, expand=True)


#Method changes GUI when an option from menu is selected
"""
def change_layout(*args):
    if var.get()=='Homepage':
        b1.pack(in_=center, side=LEFT)
        b2.pack(in_=center, side=LEFT)
        b3.pack(in_=center, side=LEFT)
    if var.get()=='Instructions':
        b1.pack_forget()
        b2.pack_forget()
        b3.pack_forget()
"""


def load_file():
    fname = askopenfilenames(filetypes= (("Text Files", ".txt"),
                            ("HTML Files", "*.html;*.htm"),
                                ("All Files", "*.*")))

    if fname:
        try:
            print('Files loaded')
        except OSError as Error:
            print('Files encountered error while loading')




# widgets for the top part of the GUI
b1 = Button(root, text='Select Files', height=5, command=load_file)
b1.place(x=170, y=500)
b2 = Button(root, text='Run Program', height=5)
b3 = Button(root, text='Save Results', height=5)



b1.pack(in_=center, SIDE=LEFT)
b2.pack(in_=center, SIDE=LEFT)
b3.pack(in_=center, SIDE=LEFT)



#Instructions - TODO Later date


root.mainloop()

使用解決方案二，我能夠通過菜單錯誤，但是現在收到此錯誤消息，而我卻迷失了為什么這一切在2.7上都沒有問題，但現在卻拒絕在3.5.2上做任何事情：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:/Users/Lewis Collins/PycharmProjects/Home.py", line 86, in <module>
    b1.pack(in_=center, SIDE=LEFT)
  File "C:\Users\Lewis Collins\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python35-32\lib\tkinter\__init__.py", line 1991, in pack_configure
    + self._options(cnf, kw))
_tkinter.TclError: bad option "-SIDE": must be -after, -anchor, -before, -expand, -fill, -in, -ipadx, -ipady, -padx, -pady, or -side

在此先感謝您的幫助或反饋。

Answer 1

除了導入tkinter庫的方式之外，唯一需要在代碼中進行調整的地方就是選項菜單：

原始的python2代碼

menu = apply(OptionMenu, (root, var) + tuple(OPTIONS))

在python3中工作的代碼

menu = OptionMenu(root, var, *OPTIONS) （這在python2中也有效）