類、實例/對象方法

Question

我是編程新手。 我對這個類/實例/方法定義感到非常困惑。

我有一個簡單的問題。

如果我用紅筆在一張紙上畫一個正方形，有人能在這里解釋一下什么是類、方法和對象嗎？

此外，這是一個真實程序的代碼。 基於上面的解釋，我如何開始類似地思考Python？

import turtle

def draw_square():
      window = turtle.Screen() #canvas to draw on
      window.bgcolor("red")

      brad = turtle.Turtle()
      brad.shape("triangle")
      brad.speed('10000')
      brad.forward(100)
      brad.right(90)
      brad.forward(100)
      brad.right(90)
      brad.forward(100)
      brad.right(90)
      brad.forward(100)




      window.exitonclick()


 draw_square()  

Answer 1

在您的類比中，該類將是“Square”，因為它是一個抽象概念，表示某物的類型（在這種情況下，是您在紙上繪制的事物的類型）。 “Draw”將是方法，因為它是對對象執行的操作。 對象將是您繪制的特定正方形。 因此，如果您將兩個相同的正方形並排繪制在一起，則會有兩個對象，它們都具有相同的類。

我已經評論了您的代碼以對其進行解釋：

import turtle

def draw_square():  # We are defining a method
      window = turtle.Screen() # window is an object.  Its class is turtle.Screen
      window.bgcolor("red") # We are calling the bgcolor() method, which sets the color

      brad = turtle.Turtle() # We are creating an object called brad, whose class is turtle.Turtle
      brad.shape("triangle") # We are calling a method on brad, called shape
      brad.speed('10000')    # We are calling a method on brad, called speed
      brad.forward(100)      # We are calling a method on brad, called forward
      brad.right(90)         # etc. etc.
      brad.forward(100)
      brad.right(90)
      brad.forward(100)
      brad.right(90)
      brad.forward(100)




      window.exitonclick()    # We are calling a method on window, called exitonclick


 draw_square()  # We are calling a method called draw_square, which we defined above