[PHP / PDO CLASS] 致命錯誤：在布爾值上調用成員函數 fetch()

Question

每當我嘗試使用 PDO 數據庫包裝器從我的數據庫中獲取某些內容時，我都會收到此錯誤：
Fatal error: Call to a member function fetch() on boolean in C:\\xampp\\htdocs\\index.php on line 17

索引.php

require_once 'class.db.php';
$mysql = [
    'hostname'  => '127.0.0.1',
    'database'  => 'lucidcms',
    'username'  => 'root',
    'password'  => 'test',
    'charset'   => 'utf8',
];
$db = new Database($mysql);

$u = "Sentinel";

$result = $db->prepare("SELECT `id` FROM `users` WHERE `username` = :u LIMIT 1")
             ->execute([':u' => $u])
             ->fetch();
echo $result;

類.db.php

<?php
class Database {

    private static $stmt, $pdo;

    public function __construct(array $mysql) {
        if(is_null(self::$pdo)) {
            try {
                self::$pdo = new \PDO(
                    'mysql:dbname='.$mysql['database'].';host='.$mysql['hostname'].';charset='.$mysql['charset'], 
                    $mysql['username'], 
                    $mysql['password'],
                    [\PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => \PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION, \PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT => true]
                );
            } catch(PDOException $e) {
                die('An error occurred when trying to communicate with the database.');
                //die($e->getMessage());
            }
        } else {
            return new self;
        }
    }

    public function __destruct() {
        // Destruct the connection to DB once finished
        try {
            self::$pdo = null;
        } catch(PDOException $e) {
            die('An error occurred when trying to close the connection with the database.');
            //die($e->getMessage());
        }
    }

    public static function prepare($sql) {
        self::$stmt = self::$pdo->prepare($sql);
        return self::$stmt;
    }

    public static function execute($data = []) {
        return self::$stmt->execute(isset($data) ? $data : null);
    }

    public static function count() {
        return self::$stmt->rowCount();
    }

    public static function fetch() {
        return self::$stmt->fetchColumn();
    }

    public static function fetchAll($type = \PDO::FETCH_ASSOC) {
        return self::$stmt->fetch($type);
    }

    public static function lastId() {
        return self::$pdo->lastInsertId();
    }

}

我似乎真的不知道如何解決這個錯誤。
關於我做錯了什么的任何想法？

編輯，新的工作解決方案，但編碼非常混亂：

<?php
class DB {
    private static $host;
    private static $db;
    private static $dbuser;
    private static $pass;
    private static $char;

    private static $pdo, $stmt;  

    public function data($mysql) {
        self::$host   = $mysql['hostname'];
        self::$db     = $mysql['database'];
        self::$dbuser = $mysql['username'];
        self::$pass   = $mysql['password'];
        self::$char   = $mysql['charset'];
    }

    protected function __clone() {}

    public static function connect() {
        if(is_null(self::$pdo)) {
            try {
                self::$pdo = new \PDO(sprintf("mysql:host=%s;dbname=%s;", 
                    self::$host,
                    self::$db), 
                    self::$dbuser, 
                    self::$pass,
                    [
                        \PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES => false, 
                        \PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => \PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION
                    ]
                );
            } catch(PDOException $e) {
                die('An error occurred when trying to communicate with the database.');
            }
        } else {
            return self::$pdo;
        }
    }

    public function __destruct() {
        // Destruct the connection to DB once finished
        try {
            self::$pdo  = null;
        } catch(PDOException $e) {
            die('An error occurred when trying to close the connection with the database.');
            //die($e->getMessage());
        }
    }

    public static function prepare($sql) {
        DB::connect();
        self::$stmt = self::$pdo->prepare($sql);
        return new self;
    }

    public static function execute($data = []) {
        DB::connect();
        try {
            self::$stmt->execute(isset($data) ? $data : null);
        } catch(PDOException $e) {
            die("Execution error: " . $e->getMessage());
        }
        return new self;
    }   

    public static function fetchAll($type = \PDO::FETCH_BOTH) {
        DB::connect();
        return self::$stmt->fetch($type);
    }

    public static function fetch() {
        DB::connect();
        return self::$stmt->fetchColumn();
    }

}

有什么方法可以將 connect() 和 data() 變成 __construct() 函數？

Answer 1

你做錯了很多事情，（完全改變了方法名稱！ ）但是你得到的錯誤信息很清楚：如果你想使用方法鏈，你應該像 prepare iswritten() 一樣編寫每個方法 - 讓它返回該聲明。

但是，這個類無法挽救，因為它的statefulness會導致生產中出現嚴重錯誤。 而不是這種麻煩的混亂，讓我建議另一種解決方案，更輕量級，更不容易出錯

class MyPDO extends PDO
{
    public function run($sql, $args = NULL)
    {
        $stmt = $this->prepare($sql);
        $stmt->execute($args);
        return $stmt;
    }
}

通過這個簡單的擴展，您將能夠在 SELECT 查詢中使用方法鏈，而無需擔心弄亂您的代碼。

$result = $db->run("SELECT `id` FROM `users` WHERE `username` = :u LIMIT 1", [':u' => $u])
             ->fetch();

它不像您目前的方法那么整潔，但同樣 - 它沒有其可怕的缺點。