如何修復在嘗試使用 Selenium 查找元素時引發的 TypeError？

Question

我正在嘗試從網頁中抓取所有鏈接。 我正在使用 Selenium WebDriver 滾動並單擊網頁中的加載更多按鈕。 我正在嘗試的代碼如下所示：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.common.exceptions import ElementNotVisibleException
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

def fetch_links(url):
    chrome_path = r"D:\nishant_pc_d_drive\nishant_pc\d_drive\update_engine\myntra_update\chromedriver.exe"
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_path)
    driver.get(url)

    while True:
        try:
            scrollcount=1
            while scrollcount<5:
                driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);")
                WebDriverWait(driver, 5)
                scrollcount+=1

            WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located(driver.find_elements_by_css_selector('.load_more .sbt-button, .load_more_order .sbt-button')))
            driver.find_element_by_id("loadmore").click()
        except (ElementNotVisibleException,NoSuchElementException) as e:
            print "done"

    x = driver.page_source
    soup2 = BeautifulSoup(x, 'html.parser')
    linkcount=0
    for each in soup2.find_all('a',attrs={"class":"thumb searchUrlClass"}):
        print "https://www.shoppersstop.com/"+each.get('href')
        linkcount+=1
    print linkcount

# thumb searchUrlClass

fetch_links("https://www.shoppersstop.com/women-westernwear-tops-tees/c-A206020")

但不幸的是它給了我一個錯誤，如下所示：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:/INVENTORY/shopperstop/fetch_link.py", line 36, in <module>
    fetch_links("https://www.shoppersstop.com/women-westernwear-tops-tees/c-A206020")
  File "D:/INVENTORY/shopperstop/fetch_link.py", line 21, in fetch_links
    WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located(driver.find_element_by_class_name('sbt-button')))
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\support\wait.py", line 71, in until
    value = method(self._driver)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\support\expected_conditions.py", line 63, in __call__
    return _find_element(driver, self.locator)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\support\expected_conditions.py", line 328, in _find_element
    return driver.find_element(*by)
TypeError: find_element() argument after * must be an iterable, not WebElement 

我該如何解決這個錯誤？ 謝謝！

Answer 1

錯誤文本令人困惑。

基本上，一些 EC（預期條件）方法使用locator s，而一些使用element s。 您使用的那個只接受一個locator ，但您提供了一個element 。

所不同的是那種在硒API文檔解釋在這里：

element is a WebElement object.
locator is a tuple of (by, path).

這是一個locator的實際示例：

(By.ID, 'someid')

注意：您需要為此導入 Selenium 的“By”類。

因此，鑒於初始（壞）代碼：

WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
    EC.presence_of_element_located(driver.find_element_by_class_name('sbt-button'))
)

...它應該更新為：

WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
    EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME, 'sbt-button'))
)

注意雙括號。 這是一個傳遞給 EC 方法的元組。

注意：在您的情況下，您似乎還需要多個元素，因此您還需要使用EC.presence_of_all_elements_located()而不是EC.presence_of_element_located() 。

Answer 2

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

element = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
        EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, "myDynamicElement"))
    )