使用 Capistrano 部署 Rails 5.1/Webpacker 應用程序

Question

我有一個 Ubuntu 服務器來部署我的 Rails 項目。 在我的 Ubuntu 服務器中，我有 RVM。

現在我想用 Rails 5.1 和 webpacker 部署新項目。 為了部署這個項目，我在我的 Ubuntu 服務器中安裝了 NVM、npm 和 yarn。

在我的 Rails 5.1 / Webpacker 項目中，我有以下用於 capistrano 部署的 gem：

文件

group :development do
  gem 'capistrano-rails'
  gem 'capistrano-rvm'
  gem 'capistrano-passenger'
  gem 'capistrano-nvm', require: false
  gem 'capistrano-yarn'
end

在 deploy.rb 中，我為 capistrano nvm 和 capistrano yarn 添加了一些配置。

部署文件

set :nvm_type, :user # or :system, depends on your nvm setup
set :nvm_node, 'v7.10.0'
set :nvm_map_bins, %w{node npm yarn}

set :yarn_target_path, -> { release_path.join('client') } #
set :yarn_flags, '--production --silent --no-progress'    # default
set :yarn_roles, :all                                     # default
set :yarn_env_variables, {}

我還在linked_dirs 中添加了node_modules。

部署文件

set :linked_dirs, %w{log tmp/pids tmp/cache tmp/sockets vendor/bundle public/system node_modules client/node_modules}

當我在 assets:precompile 步驟中執行 cap deploy 時出現問題。 接下來你有錯誤日志。

終端日志

00:10 deploy:assets:precompile
  01 /usr/local/rvm/bin/rvm 2.4.1@project do bundle exec rake assets:precompile
  01 Yarn executable was not detected in the system.
  01 Download Yarn at https://yarnpkg.com/en/docs/install
  01 /home/deploy/rails/241/project/shared/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/bin/rake: No such file or directory - node
  01 Node.js not installed. Please download and install Node.js https://nodejs.org/en/download/
(Backtrace restricted to imported tasks)
cap aborted!
SSHKit::Runner::ExecuteError: Exception while executing on host xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx: rake exit status: 1
rake stdout: Yarn executable was not detected in the system.
Download Yarn at https://yarnpkg.com/en/docs/install
/home/deploy/rails/241/project/shared/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/bin/rake: No such file or directory - node
Node.js not installed. Please download and install Node.js 
https://nodejs.org/en/download/
rake stderr: Nothing written

SSHKit::Command::Failed: rake exit status: 1
rake stdout: Yarn executable was not detected in the system.
Download Yarn at https://yarnpkg.com/en/docs/install
/home/deploy/rails/241/project/shared/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/bin/rake: No such file or directory - node
Node.js not installed. Please download and install Node.js 
https://nodejs.org/en/download/
rake stderr: Nothing written

Tasks: TOP => deploy:assets:precompile
(See full trace by running task with --trace)
The deploy has failed with an error: Exception while executing on host xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx: rake exit status: 1
rake stdout: Yarn executable was not detected in the system.
Download Yarn at https://yarnpkg.com/en/docs/install
/home/deploy/rails/241/project/shared/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/bin/rake: No such file or directory - node
Node.js not installed. Please download and install Node.js 
https://nodejs.org/en/download/
rake stderr: Nothing written



** DEPLOY FAILED
** Refer to log/capistrano.log for details. Here are the last 20 lines:


 DEBUG [016276ab]    * spring (2.0.1)

 DEBUG [016276ab]    * spring-watcher-listen (2.0.1)

 DEBUG [016276ab]    * web-console (3.5.0)

 DEBUG [016276ab]   Install missing gems with `bundle install`

 DEBUG [016276ab] Finished in 0.677 seconds with exit status 1 (failed).

  INFO [86e74b01] Running /usr/local/rvm/bin/rvm 2.4.1@project do bundle install --path /home/deploy/rails/241/project/shared/bundle --without development test --deployment --quiet on xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

 DEBUG [86e74b01] Command: cd /home/deploy/rails/241/project/releases/20170511083021 && ( export NODE_VERSION="v7.10.0" ; /usr/local/rvm/bin/rvm 2.4.1@project do bundle install --path /home/deploy/rails/241/project/shared/bundle --without development test --deployment --quiet )

 DEBUG [86e74b01]   Warning, new version of rvm available '1.29.1', you are using older version '1.26.11'.

You can disable this warning with:    echo rvm_autoupdate_flag=0 >> ~/.rvmrc

You can enable  auto-update  with:    echo rvm_autoupdate_flag=2 >> ~/.rvmrc

  INFO [86e74b01] Finished in 3.209 seconds with exit status 0 (successful).

 DEBUG [4a428031] Running if test ! -d /home/deploy/rails/241/project/releases/20170511083021; then echo "Directory does not exist '/home/deploy/rails/241/project/releases/20170511083021'" 1>&2; false; fi on xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

 DEBUG [4a428031] Command: if test ! -d /home/deploy/rails/241/project/releases/20170511083021; then echo "Directory does not exist '/home/deploy/rails/241/project/releases/20170511083021'" 1>&2; false; fi

 DEBUG [4a428031] Finished in 0.066 seconds with exit status 0 (successful).

  INFO [d225a8b5] Running /usr/local/rvm/bin/rvm 2.4.1@project do bundle exec rake assets:precompile on xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

 DEBUG [d225a8b5] Command: cd /home/deploy/rails/241/project/releases/20170511083021 && ( export NODE_VERSION="v7.10.0" RAILS_ENV="production" ; /usr/local/rvm/bin/rvm 2.4.1@project do bundle exec rake assets:precompile )

 DEBUG [d225a8b5]   Yarn executable was not detected in the system.

Download Yarn at https://yarnpkg.com/en/docs/install

 DEBUG [d225a8b5]   /home/deploy/rails/241/project/shared/bundle/ruby/2.4.0/bin/rake: No such file or directory - node

 DEBUG [d225a8b5]   Node.js not installed. Please download and install Node.js https://nodejs.org/en/download/

提前致謝！

Answer 1

我更喜歡在本地編譯資產，然后使用 rsync 復制到生產服務器：

# lib/capistrano/tasks/precompile.rake
namespace :assets do
  desc 'Precompile assets locally and then rsync to web servers'
  task :precompile do
    run_locally do
      with rails_env: stage_of_env do
        execute :bundle, 'exec rake assets:precompile'
      end
    end

    on roles(:web), in: :parallel do |server|
      run_locally do
        execute :rsync,
          "-a --delete ./public/packs/ #{fetch(:user)}@#{server.hostname}:#{shared_path}/public/packs/"
        execute :rsync,
          "-a --delete ./public/assets/ #{fetch(:user)}@#{server.hostname}:#{shared_path}/public/assets/"
      end
    end

    run_locally do
      execute :rm, '-rf public/assets'
      execute :rm, '-rf public/packs'
    end
  end
end

# config/deploy.rb
after 'deploy:updated', 'assets:precompile'

在您的 Capfile 中，您需要包含所有 capistrano 任務：

# Load custom tasks from `lib/capistrano/tasks` if you have any defined
Dir.glob('lib/capistrano/tasks/**/*.rake').each { |r| import r }

這消除了在生產服務器上安裝節點和紗線的需要。

當然你需要本地安裝node和yarn

Answer 2

該錯誤幾乎可以告訴您出了什么問題。 在服務器上找不到 Yarn 或 Node。 您的安裝可能不正確。

按照說明在此處安裝兩者：

https://nodejs.org/en/download/package-manager/#debian-and-ubuntu-based-linux-distributions

和這里：

https://yarnpkg.com/lang/en/docs/install/#linux-tab

然后確保您可以調用：

yarn
node

在服務器上。 如果沒有，您可能需要將可執行文件的路徑添加到 PATH 變量中

Answer 3

對我有用的是確保 NVM 包含在 PATH 中。 默認情況下，在 bash 終端中，NVM 將其環境變量添加到~/.bashrc的末尾，但該文件的大部分通常不會在非交互式終端（Capistrano 運行的終端）中執行。 我發現這條評論很有幫助：

將您的 NVM 源腳本放在您的 .bashrc 中，即使在非交互式 SSH 會話期間，它仍然會被評估。 只要確保將聲明放在頂部，在 case 語句之前：

export NVM_DIR="$HOME/.nvm"
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/nvm.sh"  # This loads nvm
[ -s "$NVM_DIR/bash_completion" ] && \. "$NVM_DIR/bash_completion"  # This loads nvm bash_completion

# If not running interactively, don't do anything
case $- in
    *i*) ;;
      *) return;;
esac

Answer 4

首先 - 安裝紗線

curl -sS https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/pubkey.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb https://dl.yarnpkg.com/debian/ stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/yarn.list
sudo apt update && sudo apt install yarn

第二 - 安裝 NodeJS（現在 14 是最新的）：

curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_14.x | sudo -E bash -
sudo apt-get install -y nodejs