完全匹配2個字符串，除了在python中存在特定字符串的地方

Question

我有一個包含某些文本的主文件-假設-

file contains x
the image is of x type
the user is admin
the address is x

然后還有200個其他文本文件，其中包含類似以下內容的文本：

file contains xyz
the image if of abc type
the user is admin
the address if pqrs

我需要匹配這些文件。 如果文件包含的文本與主文件中的文本完全相同，則結果為true，每個文件的x都不同，即，主文件中的“ x”可以是其他文件中的任何內容，並且結果為true。想到的是

arr=master.split('\n')
for file in files:
    a=[]
    file1=file.split('\n')
    i=0
    for line in arr:
        line_list=line.split()
        indx=line_list.index('x')
        line_list1=line_list[:indx]+line_list[indx+1:]
        st1=' '.join(line_list1)
        file1_list=file1[i].split()
        file1_list1=file1_list[:indx]+file1_list[indx+1:]
        st2=' '.join(file1_list1)
        if st1!=st2:
            a.append(line)
        i+=1

這是非常低效的。 有沒有一種方法可以將文件與主文件映射，並在其他文件中生成差異？

Answer 1

我知道這不是真正的解決方案，但是您可以通過以下方式檢查文件是否為相同格式：

if "the image is of" in var:
    to do

通過檢查其余的行

“文件包含”

“用戶是”

“地址是”

您將能夠在某種程度上驗證所檢查的文件是否有效

您可以檢查此鏈接以了解有關此“子字符串概念”的更多信息

Python是否有包含子字符串方法的字符串？

Answer 2

那“通用”在生產線上是獨一無二的嗎？ 例如，如果鍵確實是x ，是否可以保證x在行中沒有其他地方出現？ 或者主文件可能有類似

excluding x records and x axis values

如果你有一個獨特的鑰匙......

對於每一行，請在密鑰x上拆分主文件。 這為您提供了兩條線，正面和背面。 然后僅僅是檢查線路是否startswith前部和endswith后面的部分。 就像是

for line in arr:
    front, back = line.split(x_key)
    # grab next line in input file
    ...
    if line_list1.startswith(front) and 
       line_list1.endswith(back):
        # process matching line
    else:
        # process non-matching line

參閱文件

---

每個操作更新

只要x在行中是唯一的，您就可以輕松調整它。 正如您在評論中提到的那樣，您想要類似

if len(line) == len(line_list1):
    if all(line[i] == line_list1[i] for i in len(line) ):
        # Found matching lines
    else:
        # Advance to the next line

Answer 3

我認為這是一種可以滿足您要求的方法。 它還允許您指定在每行上是否只允許相同的差異（這將您的第二個文件示例視為不匹配）：

更新：這說明了主文件和其他文件中的行不一定相同的順序

from itertools import zip_longest

def get_min_diff(master_lines, to_check):
    min_diff = None
    match_line = None
    for ln, ml in enumerate(master_lines):
        diff = [w for w, m in zip_longest(ml, to_check) if w != m]
        n_diffs = len(diff)
        if min_diff is None or n_diffs < min_diff:
            min_diff = n_diffs
            match_line = ln

    return min_diff, diff, match_line

def check_files(master, files):
    # get lines to compare against
    master_lines = []
    with open(master) as mstr:
        for line in mstr:
            master_lines.append(line.strip().split())      
    matches = []
    for f in files:
        temp_master = list(master_lines)
        diff_sizes = set()
        diff_types = set()
        with open(f) as checkfile:
            for line in checkfile:
                to_check = line.strip().split()
                # find each place in current line where it differs from
                # the corresponding line in the master file
                min_diff, diff, match_index = get_min_diff(temp_master, to_check)
                if min_diff <= 1:  # acceptable number of differences
                    # remove corresponding line from master search space
                    # so we don't match the same master lines to multiple
                    # lines in a given test file
                    del temp_master[match_index]
                    # if it only differs in one place, keep track of what
                    # word was different for optional check later
                    if min_diff == 1:
                        diff_types.add(diff[0])
                diff_sizes.add(min_diff)
            # if you want any file where the max number of differences
            # per line was 1
            if max(diff_sizes) == 1:
                # consider a match if there is only one difference per line
                matches.append(f)
            # if you instead want each file to only
            # be different by the same word on each line
            #if len(diff_types) == 1:
                #matches.append(f)
    return matches

根據您提供的示例，我已經制作了一些測試文件以供檢查：

::::::::::::::
test1.txt
::::::::::::::
file contains y
the image is of y type
the user is admin
the address is y
::::::::::::::
test2.txt
::::::::::::::
file contains x
the image is of x type
the user is admin
the address is x
::::::::::::::
test3.txt
::::::::::::::
file contains xyz
the image is of abc type
the user is admin
the address is pqrs
::::::::::::::
testmaster.txt
::::::::::::::
file contains m
the image is of m type
the user is admin
the address is m
::::::::::::::
test_nomatch.txt
::::::::::::::
file contains y and some other stuff
the image is of y type unlike the other
the user is bongo the clown
the address is redacted
::::::::::::::
test_scrambled.txt
::::::::::::::
the image is of y type
file contains y
the address is y
the user is admin

運行時，以上代碼返回正確的文件：

In: check_files('testmaster.txt', ['test1.txt', 'test2.txt', 'test3.txt', 'test_nomatch.txt', 'test_scrambled.txt'])
Out: ['test1.txt', 'test2.txt', 'test3.txt', 'test_scrambled.txt']