在基類（父類）方法中訪問類屬性，派生的（子類）類可能會重載

Question

我正在嘗試在父類中創建一個函數，該函數引用哪個子類最終都會調用該函數，以便獲得子類中的靜態變量。

這是我的代碼。

class Element:
  attributes = []

  def attributes_to_string():
    # do some stuff
    return ' | '.join(__class__.attributes) # <== This is where I need to fix the code.

class Car(Element):
  attributes = ['door', 'window', 'engine']

class House(Element):
  attributes = ['door', 'window', 'lights', 'table']

class Computer(Element):
  attributes = ['screen', 'ram', 'video card', 'ssd']

print(Computer.attributes_to_string())

### screen | ram | video card | ssd

我知道如果它是使用self.__class__的類的實例，該怎么做，但是在這種情況下沒有self可以引用。

Answer 1

用classmethod 裝飾應該可以

class Element:
    attributes = []

    @classmethod
    def attributes_to_string(cls):
        # do some stuff
        return ' | '.join(cls.attributes)


class Car(Element):
    attributes = ['door', 'window', 'engine']


class House(Element):
    attributes = ['door', 'window', 'lights', 'table']


class Computer(Element):
    attributes = ['screen', 'ram', 'video card', 'ssd']


print(Computer.attributes_to_string())

給我們

screen | ram | video card | ssd