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Java Try-With-Resources未知資源計數

[英]Java Try-With-Resources Unknown Resource Count

我需要打開N個多播套接字(其中N來自參數列表的大小)。 然后,我將在循環中將相同的數據發送到N個套接字中的每個套接字,最后關閉每個套接字。 我的問題是,如何使用try-with-resources塊執行此操作? 以下是我如何使用單個資源執行此操作:

final int port = ...;
try (final MulticastSocket socket = new MulticastSocket(port)) {
    // Do a bunch of sends of small packet data over a long period of time
    ...
}

我可以想到的使用多個端口執行此操作的唯一方法是:

final List<Integer> ports = ...;
final List<MulticastSocket> sockets = new ArrayList<>(ports.size());
try {
    for (final Integer port : ports) {
        sockets.add(new MulticastSocket(port));
    }

    // Do a bunch of sends of small packet data over a long period of time
    ...
} finally {
    for (final MulticastSocket socket : sockets) {
        try {
            socket.close();
        } catch (final Throwable t) {
            // Eat the exception
        }
    }
}

有沒有更簡潔的方法來完成此操作,或者我提出的解決方案是否還不錯?

遞歸執行以確保嘗試資源的保證:

void foo(List<Integer> ports, List<Socket> sockets) {
  if (sockets.size() == ports.size()) {
    // Do something with your sockets.
  } else {
    try (Socket s = new MulticastSocket(ports.get(sockets.size())) {
      sockets.add(s);
      foo(ports, sockets);
      // You could call sockets.remove(sockets.size()-1) here.
      // Not convinced whether it's worth it.
    }
  }
}

實際上,您所做的一切都很好。

您可以創建一個包含List<AutoCloseable>AutoCloseable通用型多重關閉器,並接受一個可計數對象的數量作為構造函數參數,並接受一個工廠來創建每個可封閉對象,然后在調用其close()時將其全部close() ,這樣您就可以像這樣使用它:

try( MultiCloser<MulticastSocket> multiCloser = 
         new MultiCloser<>( ports.size(), i -> new MulticastSocket( ports.get( i ) ) )
{
    for( MulticastSocket socket : multiCloser.getItems() )
    {
        do something with the socket
    }
}

...但這可能是一個過大的殺傷力。

使用ArrayList存儲MulticastSocket實例有什么意義?

你之前這么說 :

然后,我將在循環中將相同的數據發送到N個套接字中的每個套接字,最后關閉每個套接字。

因此,您可以循環創建它們,並為每個迭代發送相同的處理。
為此,您應該稍微更改一下設計。
MulticastSocket的處理任務可以由功能接口執行,該功能接口還允許指定要使用的端口。

例如 :

@FunctionalInterface
public interface SocketProcessor {
    void process(MulticastSocket multicastSocket) ;
}

您可能有一個以該功能接口為參數的方法來應用處理:

public static void processSocket(SocketProcessor socketProcessor, Integer port) throws IOException {
  try (final MulticastSocket socket = new MulticastSocket(port)) {
    socketProcessor.process(socket);
  }
}

最后,從客戶端代碼,您可以創建一個帶有lambda的socketProcessor實例:

SocketProcessor socketProcessor = (MulticastSocket socket) -> {
    socket.send(...);
    socket.send(...);
};

然后,您可以在端口上循環以使用合適的端口和剛剛創建的SocketProcessor實例調用processSocket:

for (final Integer port : ports) {
    try {
      processSocket(socketProcessor, port);
    } catch (IOException e) {
      // do processing
    }
}

此解決方案不一定要更短(實際上並不需要更長),但是確實更清晰。
兩個主要問題是分開的:

  • processSocket(SocketProcessor)執行樣板代碼

  • 定義具體任務的SocketProcessor

受到Mike Nakis提出的想法的啟發,我提出了以下課程...

package myNamespace;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ListIterator;

import myNamespace.ThrowingFunction;
import myNamespace.ThrowingSupplier;

/** Collection of AutoCloseable objects */
public class ResourceCollection<T extends AutoCloseable>
        implements Iterable<T>, AutoCloseable {

    /** Resources owned by this instance */
    private final List<T> myResources;

    /**
     * Constructor
     * @param allocator Function used to allocate each resource
     * @param count     Number of times to call the allocator
     * @throws E Thrown if any of the allocators throw
     */
    public <E extends Throwable> ResourceCollection(
            final ThrowingSupplier<T, E> allocator, final int count)
            throws E {
        myResources = new ArrayList<>(count);
        try {
            while (myResources.size() < count) {
                final T resource = allocator.getThrows();
                myResources.add(resource);
            }
        } catch (final Throwable e) {
            close();
            throw e;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Constructor
     * @param allocator Function used to allocate each resource
     * @param input     List of input parameters passed to the allocator
     * @throws E Thrown if any of the allocators throw
     */
    public <U, E extends Throwable> ResourceCollection(
            final ThrowingFunction<U, T, E> allocator, final Collection<U> input)
            throws E {
        myResources = new ArrayList<>(input.size());
        try {
            for (final U value : input) {
                final T resource = allocator.applyThrows(value);
                myResources.add(resource);
            }
        } catch (final Throwable e) {
            close();
            throw e;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Gets the number of resources in the collection
     * @return The number of resources in the collection
     */
    public int size() {
        return myResources.size();
    }

    /**
     * Gets whether the collection contains no resources
     * @return Whether the collection contains no resources
     */
    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return myResources.isEmpty();
    }

    /**
     * Gets the resource at index i
     * @param i The index of a resource, in the range [0, size())
     * @return The resource at index i
     */
    public T get(final int i) {
        return myResources.get(i);
    }

    @Override
    public Iterator<T> iterator() {
        return myResources.iterator();
    }

    @Override
    public void close() {
        final ListIterator<T> resourceIter =
                myResources.listIterator(myResources.size());
        while (resourceIter.hasPrevious()) {
            final T resource = resourceIter.previous();
            if (resource != null) {
                try {
                    resource    .close ();
                    resourceIter.remove();
                } catch (final Throwable t) {
                    // Eat the exception
                }
            }
        }
    }

}

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