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貓鼬用排序和限制填充虛擬

[英]Mongoose populate virtual with sort and limit

 原文  2017-07-03 03:01:38  1   2    node.js/ mongodb/ mongoose/ mongodb-query

問題描述

我正在嘗試編寫一個 mongoose 查詢來檢索一組資產以及這些資產的最新交易。 交易與資產位於不同的集合中。

為此，我首先在資產模型中創建了一個虛擬數組，以將資產與交易聯系起來。

schema.virtual('transactions', {
    ref: 'transaction',
    localField: '_id',
    foreignField: '_asset',
    justOne: false
})

然后我在 node.js express 控制器中使用 .populate 進行查詢（注意硬編碼的“limit: 1”在某個時候會變成 N）：

exports.getList = function (req, res) {
    Model
        .find({}, { __v: 0 })
        .populate({
            path: 'transactions',
            options: { sort: { 'created_at': -1}, limit: 1},
        })
        .lean()
        .exec(function (err, model) {
            if (err)
                res.send(err);
            res.json(model);
        });
  }

我的測試系統中有 3 個資產，每個資產都有一堆交易，它返回前兩個資產的舊交易，而第三個資產沒有任何交易。

當我刪除“limit:1”並返回所有交易時，它會正確排序並返回所有三個資產的交易。

我相信我遇到了這個錯誤：

https://github.com/Automattic/mongoose/issues/4321

關於優雅的解決方法的任何想法？
 返回所有交易將不是一個可行的長期解決方案。

2 個解決方案

解決方案1
 8 已采納  2017-07-03 07:08:15

這確實是一個棘手的問題。 這里的基礎知識是.populate()而不是“用虛擬填充”，它的設計目的不是像您在這里期望的那樣工作。

問題說明

本質上.populate()本質上是向 MongoDB 發出的另一個查詢以檢索相關數據。 為此，它基本上使用$in發出一個查詢，其中包含要匹配的目標的所有“相關字段”值。

“問題 4321”的核心是，使用諸如"sort"和"limit"之類的選項，需要提供這樣一個$in參數的實際查詢實際上是一個.aggregate()語句，它將是能夠“獲得為每個鍵分組的最后n結果” 。 這實際上並不是 mongoose 目前向 MongoDB 發出的問題，此時按可用操作對n項進行分組也不太實際。

您可以手動使用.aggregate()解決這個問題，如所提供列表的末尾所示，但當然僅在少數情況下實際上是可行的。

  // Get latest transactions for each master
  Transaction.aggregate([
    { '$match': {
      '_asset': {
        '$in': masters.map(m => m._id)
      }
    }},
    { '$sort': { '_asset': 1, 'createdAt': -1 } },
    { '$group': {
      '_id': '$_asset',
      'amount': { '$first': '$amount' },
      'createdAt': { '$first': '$createdAt' },
      'updatedAt': { '$first': '$updatedAt' },
      'did': { '$first': '$_id' }
    }},
    { '$project': {
      '_id': '$did',
      '_asset': '$_id',
      'amount': 1,
      'createdAt': 1,
      'updatedAt': 1
    }}
  ])

它不是很好，也不是真正高效的解決方案，但比其他類似的替代方案要好。 我相信還有更好的方法。

更好的解決方案

對於您這里的情況，我懷疑有許多類似的情況，您不希望在父文檔中包含“完整”交易列表，即使由於生成的數組的潛在大小而作為參考。 這種“反模式”通常是“虛擬填充”和實際上$lookup旨在避免的。

但是，在您“獲取最新交易”的特定用例中，這些都不是可行的解決方案。 由於兩者本質上都需要查看“所有”事務，然后只從它們中檢索n結果。

因此，此處的“最新”或實際上是“最近”的案例實際上退回到“有限數量”的“嵌入”（至少是引用），以提供可行的解決方案。 所以建議就是這樣做，並在父級本身中保留一個"recent"的交易列表。 這為您提供了包含的場景中的文檔，如下所示：

{
        "_id" : ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32661"),
        "__v" : 0,
        "name" : "One",
        "recent" : [
                ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a32676"),
                ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a32674"),
                ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a32672"),
                ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a32670"),
                ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a3266e")
        ]
}

請注意，這些不是“所有”相關交易，而只是“最近”交易。 關鍵是只保留一個適合目的的“小”列表。

通過這種方式，您可以直接查詢“父項”，然后將包含"recent"項的數組進行$slice 。 在清單中，我這樣做：

Master.find().select({ 'recent': { '$slice': 1 } })

這將返回數組中的“最新”條目，而無需向服務器進行任何其他查詢。 在這種情況下，它是“最新的”，因為我們在寫入"transactions"集合的同時將項目“預先添加”到該數組，該集合包含所有內容：

Transaction.create({ _asset: master._id, amount: data.amount })
  .then(transaction =>
    Master.update(
      { _id: transaction._asset },
      { "$push": {
        "recent": {
          "$each": [transaction._id],
          "$position": 0,
          "$slice": 5
        }
      }}
    )

關鍵元素是$push到父級中的數組，它在數組的開頭用$position修改為“preprend”，因此“第一個”項目始終是要添加的“最新”事務，與父母。

然后在這里使用$slice修飾符將"recent"數組保持在僅限n項目的限制。 因此，當添加新項目時，“最舊”項目將被“從列表中刪除”。

這里還有另一個實際目的，即在分頁場景中列出“主”和“交易”時，第一個請求可以直接使用"recent"數組。 然后對新“頁面”的額外請求，可以簡單地通過$nin過濾掉"recent"數組中包含的項目，並使用常規的.skip()和.limit()或替代“范圍”分頁實踐來檢索每個“頁面” ”的結果。

要完整演示所有概念，請參閱下面的列表和所有生成的結果。

示范清單：

const async = require('async'),
      mongoose = require('mongoose'),
      Schema = mongoose.Schema;

mongoose.set('debug',true);
mongoose.Promise = global.Promise;

mongoose.connect('mongodb://localhost/prepend');

const transactionSchema = new Schema({
  _asset: { type: Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'Master' },
  amount: Number
},{
  timestamps: {
    createdAt: 'createdAt'
  }
});


const Transaction = mongoose.model('Transaction', transactionSchema);

const masterSchema = new Schema({
  name: String,
  recent: [{ type: Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'Transaction' }]
});

masterSchema.virtual('transactions', {
  ref: 'Transaction',
  localField: '_id',
  foreignField: '_asset',
  justOne: false
});


const Master = mongoose.model('Master', masterSchema);

function log(data) {
  console.log(JSON.stringify(data, undefined, 2))
}

async.series(
  [
    // Clean data
    (callback) =>
      async.each(mongoose.models,(model,callback) =>
        model.remove({},callback),callback),

    // Create Masters
    (callback) =>
      Master.insertMany(['One','Two'].map( name => ({ name })),callback),

    // Add 10 transactions to each master
    (callback) =>
      async.each(['One','Two'],(name,callback) =>
        async.eachSeries(
          Array.apply(null,Array(10)).map((e,i) => ({ name, amount: i+1 })),
          (data,callback) => {
            Master.findOne({ name: data.name })
              .then(master =>
                Transaction.create({ _asset: master._id, amount: data.amount })
              )
              .then(transaction =>
                Master.update(
                  { _id: transaction._asset },
                  { "$push": {
                    "recent": {
                      "$each": [transaction._id],
                      "$position": 0,
                      "$slice": 5
                    }
                  }}
                )
              )
              .then(res => callback())
              .catch(callback)
          },
          callback
        ),
      callback),

    // Show populated recent 1 entry only
    (callback) =>
      Master.find().select({ 'recent': { '$slice': 1 } })
        .populate('recent').exec((err,results) => {
        if (err) callback(err);
        log(results);
        callback();
      }),

    // Populate recent - page 1 then fetch next page
    (callback) =>
      async.waterfall(
        [
          (callback) =>
            Master.findOne({ name: 'One' }).populate('recent')
              .lean()
              .exec((err,master) => {
                if (err) callback(err);
                log(master);
                callback(null,{
                  _asset: master._id,
                  exclude: master.recent.map( r => r._id )
                });
              }),

          (options,callback) =>
            Transaction.find({
              _asset: options._asset,
              _id: { '$nin': options.exclude }
            }).sort({ 'createdAt': -1 }).limit(5)
            .exec((err,transactions) => {
              if (err) callback(err);
              log(transactions)
              callback();
            })

        ],
        callback
      ),

    // Issue 4321 - Fix - Manual populate with aggregate
    (callback) =>
      Master.find().select('-recent').exec()
        .then(masters => {
          // Get latest transactions for each master
          Transaction.aggregate([
            { '$match': {
              '_asset': {
                '$in': masters.map(m => m._id)
              }
            }},
            { '$sort': { '_asset': 1, 'createdAt': -1 } },
            { '$group': {
              '_id': '$_asset',
              'amount': { '$first': '$amount' },
              'createdAt': { '$first': '$createdAt' },
              'updatedAt': { '$first': '$updatedAt' },
              'did': { '$first': '$_id' }
            }},
            { '$project': {
              '_id': '$did',
              '_asset': '$_id',
              'amount': 1,
              'createdAt': 1,
              'updatedAt': 1
            }}
          ]).exec((err,transactions) => {
            // Map latest transactions to master
            masters = masters.map(
              m => Object.assign(
                m.toObject(),
                {
                  transactions: transactions.filter(
                    t => t._asset.toHexString() === m._id.toHexString()
                  )
                }
              )
            );

            log(masters);
            callback();
          })
        }).catch(callback)

  ],
  (err) => {
    if (err) throw err;
    mongoose.disconnect();
  }
);

演示輸出

Mongoose: transactions.remove({}, {})
Mongoose: masters.remove({}, {})
Mongoose: masters.insertMany([ { __v: 0, name: 'One', _id: 5959e34adf833e1451a32661, recent: [] }, { __v: 0, name: 'Two', _id: 5959e34adf833e1451a32662, recent: [] } ], null)
Mongoose: masters.findOne({ name: 'One' }, { fields: {} })
Mongoose: masters.findOne({ name: 'Two' }, { fields: {} })
Mongoose: transactions.insert({ updatedAt: new Date("Mon, 03 Jul 2017 06:25:14 GMT"), createdAt: new Date("Mon, 03 Jul 2017 06:25:14 GMT"), _asset: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32662"), amount: 1, _id: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32663"), __v: 0 })
Mongoose: transactions.insert({ updatedAt: new Date("Mon, 03 Jul 2017 06:25:15 GMT"), createdAt: new Date("Mon, 03 Jul 2017 06:25:15 GMT"), _asset: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32661"), amount: 1, _id: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32664"), __v: 0 })
Mongoose: masters.update({ _id: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32661") }, { '$push': { recent: { '$each': [ ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32664") ], '$slice': 5, '$position': 0 } } }, {})
Mongoose: masters.update({ _id: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32662") }, { '$push': { recent: { '$each': [ ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32663") ], '$slice': 5, '$position': 0 } } }, {})
Mongoose: masters.findOne({ name: 'One' }, { fields: {} })
Mongoose: masters.findOne({ name: 'Two' }, { fields: {} })
Mongoose: transactions.insert({ updatedAt: new Date("Mon, 03 Jul 2017 06:25:15 GMT"), createdAt: new Date("Mon, 03 Jul 2017 06:25:15 GMT"), _asset: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32662"), amount: 2, _id: ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a32665"), __v: 0 })
Mongoose: transactions.insert({ updatedAt: new Date("Mon, 03 Jul 2017 06:25:15 GMT"), createdAt: new Date("Mon, 03 Jul 2017 06:25:15 GMT"), _asset: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32661"), amount: 2, _id: ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a32666"), __v: 0 })
Mongoose: masters.update({ _id: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32661") }, { '$push': { recent: { '$each': [ ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a32666") ], '$slice': 5, '$position': 0 } } }, {})
Mongoose: masters.update({ _id: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32662") }, { '$push': { recent: { '$each': [ ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a32665") ], '$slice': 5, '$position': 0 } } }, {})
Mongoose: masters.findOne({ name: 'One' }, { fields: {} })
Mongoose: masters.findOne({ name: 'Two' }, { fields: {} })
Mongoose: transactions.insert({ updatedAt: new Date("Mon, 03 Jul 2017 06:25:15 GMT"), createdAt: new Date("Mon, 03 Jul 2017 06:25:15 GMT"), _asset: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32662"), amount: 3, _id: ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a32667"), __v: 0 })
Mongoose: transactions.insert({ updatedAt: new Date("Mon, 03 Jul 2017 06:25:15 GMT"), createdAt: new Date("Mon, 03 Jul 2017 06:25:15 GMT"), _asset: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32661"), amount: 3, _id: ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a32668"), __v: 0 })
Mongoose: masters.update({ _id: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32661") }, { '$push': { recent: { '$each': [ ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a32668") ], '$slice': 5, '$position': 0 } } }, {})
Mongoose: masters.update({ _id: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32662") }, { '$push': { recent: { '$each': [ ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a32667") ], '$slice': 5, '$position': 0 } } }, {})
Mongoose: masters.findOne({ name: 'One' }, { fields: {} })
Mongoose: masters.findOne({ name: 'Two' }, { fields: {} })
Mongoose: transactions.insert({ updatedAt: new Date("Mon, 03 Jul 2017 06:25:15 GMT"), createdAt: new Date("Mon, 03 Jul 2017 06:25:15 GMT"), _asset: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32662"), amount: 4, _id: ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a32669"), __v: 0 })
Mongoose: transactions.insert({ updatedAt: new Date("Mon, 03 Jul 2017 06:25:15 GMT"), createdAt: new Date("Mon, 03 Jul 2017 06:25:15 GMT"), _asset: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32661"), amount: 4, _id: ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a3266a"), __v: 0 })
Mongoose: masters.update({ _id: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32661") }, { '$push': { recent: { '$each': [ ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a3266a") ], '$slice': 5, '$position': 0 } } }, {})
Mongoose: masters.update({ _id: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32662") }, { '$push': { recent: { '$each': [ ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a32669") ], '$slice': 5, '$position': 0 } } }, {})
Mongoose: masters.findOne({ name: 'One' }, { fields: {} })
Mongoose: masters.findOne({ name: 'Two' }, { fields: {} })
Mongoose: transactions.insert({ updatedAt: new Date("Mon, 03 Jul 2017 06:25:15 GMT"), createdAt: new Date("Mon, 03 Jul 2017 06:25:15 GMT"), _asset: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32662"), amount: 5, _id: ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a3266b"), __v: 0 })
Mongoose: transactions.insert({ updatedAt: new Date("Mon, 03 Jul 2017 06:25:15 GMT"), createdAt: new Date("Mon, 03 Jul 2017 06:25:15 GMT"), _asset: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32661"), amount: 5, _id: ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a3266c"), __v: 0 })
Mongoose: masters.update({ _id: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32661") }, { '$push': { recent: { '$each': [ ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a3266c") ], '$slice': 5, '$position': 0 } } }, {})
Mongoose: masters.update({ _id: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32662") }, { '$push': { recent: { '$each': [ ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a3266b") ], '$slice': 5, '$position': 0 } } }, {})
Mongoose: masters.findOne({ name: 'One' }, { fields: {} })
Mongoose: masters.findOne({ name: 'Two' }, { fields: {} })
Mongoose: transactions.insert({ updatedAt: new Date("Mon, 03 Jul 2017 06:25:15 GMT"), createdAt: new Date("Mon, 03 Jul 2017 06:25:15 GMT"), _asset: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32662"), amount: 6, _id: ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a3266d"), __v: 0 })
Mongoose: transactions.insert({ updatedAt: new Date("Mon, 03 Jul 2017 06:25:15 GMT"), createdAt: new Date("Mon, 03 Jul 2017 06:25:15 GMT"), _asset: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32661"), amount: 6, _id: ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a3266e"), __v: 0 })
Mongoose: masters.update({ _id: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32661") }, { '$push': { recent: { '$each': [ ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a3266e") ], '$slice': 5, '$position': 0 } } }, {})
Mongoose: masters.update({ _id: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32662") }, { '$push': { recent: { '$each': [ ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a3266d") ], '$slice': 5, '$position': 0 } } }, {})
Mongoose: masters.findOne({ name: 'One' }, { fields: {} })
Mongoose: masters.findOne({ name: 'Two' }, { fields: {} })
Mongoose: transactions.insert({ updatedAt: new Date("Mon, 03 Jul 2017 06:25:15 GMT"), createdAt: new Date("Mon, 03 Jul 2017 06:25:15 GMT"), _asset: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32662"), amount: 7, _id: ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a3266f"), __v: 0 })
Mongoose: transactions.insert({ updatedAt: new Date("Mon, 03 Jul 2017 06:25:15 GMT"), createdAt: new Date("Mon, 03 Jul 2017 06:25:15 GMT"), _asset: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32661"), amount: 7, _id: ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a32670"), __v: 0 })
Mongoose: masters.update({ _id: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32661") }, { '$push': { recent: { '$each': [ ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a32670") ], '$slice': 5, '$position': 0 } } }, {})
Mongoose: masters.update({ _id: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32662") }, { '$push': { recent: { '$each': [ ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a3266f") ], '$slice': 5, '$position': 0 } } }, {})
Mongoose: masters.findOne({ name: 'One' }, { fields: {} })
Mongoose: masters.findOne({ name: 'Two' }, { fields: {} })
Mongoose: transactions.insert({ updatedAt: new Date("Mon, 03 Jul 2017 06:25:15 GMT"), createdAt: new Date("Mon, 03 Jul 2017 06:25:15 GMT"), _asset: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32662"), amount: 8, _id: ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a32671"), __v: 0 })
Mongoose: transactions.insert({ updatedAt: new Date("Mon, 03 Jul 2017 06:25:15 GMT"), createdAt: new Date("Mon, 03 Jul 2017 06:25:15 GMT"), _asset: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32661"), amount: 8, _id: ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a32672"), __v: 0 })
Mongoose: masters.update({ _id: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32661") }, { '$push': { recent: { '$each': [ ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a32672") ], '$slice': 5, '$position': 0 } } }, {})
Mongoose: masters.update({ _id: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32662") }, { '$push': { recent: { '$each': [ ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a32671") ], '$slice': 5, '$position': 0 } } }, {})
Mongoose: masters.findOne({ name: 'One' }, { fields: {} })
Mongoose: masters.findOne({ name: 'Two' }, { fields: {} })
Mongoose: transactions.insert({ updatedAt: new Date("Mon, 03 Jul 2017 06:25:15 GMT"), createdAt: new Date("Mon, 03 Jul 2017 06:25:15 GMT"), _asset: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32662"), amount: 9, _id: ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a32673"), __v: 0 })
Mongoose: transactions.insert({ updatedAt: new Date("Mon, 03 Jul 2017 06:25:15 GMT"), createdAt: new Date("Mon, 03 Jul 2017 06:25:15 GMT"), _asset: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32661"), amount: 9, _id: ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a32674"), __v: 0 })
Mongoose: masters.update({ _id: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32661") }, { '$push': { recent: { '$each': [ ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a32674") ], '$slice': 5, '$position': 0 } } }, {})
Mongoose: masters.update({ _id: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32662") }, { '$push': { recent: { '$each': [ ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a32673") ], '$slice': 5, '$position': 0 } } }, {})
Mongoose: masters.findOne({ name: 'One' }, { fields: {} })
Mongoose: masters.findOne({ name: 'Two' }, { fields: {} })
Mongoose: transactions.insert({ updatedAt: new Date("Mon, 03 Jul 2017 06:25:15 GMT"), createdAt: new Date("Mon, 03 Jul 2017 06:25:15 GMT"), _asset: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32662"), amount: 10, _id: ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a32675"), __v: 0 })
Mongoose: transactions.insert({ updatedAt: new Date("Mon, 03 Jul 2017 06:25:15 GMT"), createdAt: new Date("Mon, 03 Jul 2017 06:25:15 GMT"), _asset: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32661"), amount: 10, _id: ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a32676"), __v: 0 })
Mongoose: masters.update({ _id: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32661") }, { '$push': { recent: { '$each': [ ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a32676") ], '$slice': 5, '$position': 0 } } }, {})
Mongoose: masters.update({ _id: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32662") }, { '$push': { recent: { '$each': [ ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a32675") ], '$slice': 5, '$position': 0 } } }, {})
Mongoose: masters.find({}, { fields: { recent: { '$slice': 1 } } })
Mongoose: transactions.find({ _id: { '$in': [ ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a32676"), ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a32675") ] } }, { fields: {} })
[
  {
    "_id": "5959e34adf833e1451a32661",
    "__v": 0,
    "name": "One",
    "recent": [
      {
        "_id": "5959e34bdf833e1451a32676",
        "updatedAt": "2017-07-03T06:25:15.282Z",
        "createdAt": "2017-07-03T06:25:15.282Z",
        "_asset": "5959e34adf833e1451a32661",
        "amount": 10,
        "__v": 0
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "_id": "5959e34adf833e1451a32662",
    "__v": 0,
    "name": "Two",
    "recent": [
      {
        "_id": "5959e34bdf833e1451a32675",
        "updatedAt": "2017-07-03T06:25:15.280Z",
        "createdAt": "2017-07-03T06:25:15.280Z",
        "_asset": "5959e34adf833e1451a32662",
        "amount": 10,
        "__v": 0
      }
    ]
  }
]
Mongoose: masters.findOne({ name: 'One' }, { fields: {} })
Mongoose: transactions.find({ _id: { '$in': [ ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a32676"), ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a32674"), ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a32672"), ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a32670"), ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a3266e") ] } }, { fields: {} })
{
  "_id": "5959e34adf833e1451a32661",
  "__v": 0,
  "name": "One",
  "recent": [
    {
      "_id": "5959e34bdf833e1451a32676",
      "updatedAt": "2017-07-03T06:25:15.282Z",
      "createdAt": "2017-07-03T06:25:15.282Z",
      "_asset": "5959e34adf833e1451a32661",
      "amount": 10,
      "__v": 0
    },
    {
      "_id": "5959e34bdf833e1451a32674",
      "updatedAt": "2017-07-03T06:25:15.264Z",
      "createdAt": "2017-07-03T06:25:15.264Z",
      "_asset": "5959e34adf833e1451a32661",
      "amount": 9,
      "__v": 0
    },
    {
      "_id": "5959e34bdf833e1451a32672",
      "updatedAt": "2017-07-03T06:25:15.216Z",
      "createdAt": "2017-07-03T06:25:15.216Z",
      "_asset": "5959e34adf833e1451a32661",
      "amount": 8,
      "__v": 0
    },
    {
      "_id": "5959e34bdf833e1451a32670",
      "updatedAt": "2017-07-03T06:25:15.195Z",
      "createdAt": "2017-07-03T06:25:15.195Z",
      "_asset": "5959e34adf833e1451a32661",
      "amount": 7,
      "__v": 0
    },
    {
      "_id": "5959e34bdf833e1451a3266e",
      "updatedAt": "2017-07-03T06:25:15.180Z",
      "createdAt": "2017-07-03T06:25:15.180Z",
      "_asset": "5959e34adf833e1451a32661",
      "amount": 6,
      "__v": 0
    }
  ]
}
Mongoose: transactions.find({ _id: { '$nin': [ ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a32676"), ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a32674"), ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a32672"), ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a32670"), ObjectId("5959e34bdf833e1451a3266e") ] }, _asset: ObjectId("5959e34adf833e1451a32661") }, { sort: { createdAt: -1 }, limit: 5, fields: {} })
[
  {
    "_id": "5959e34bdf833e1451a3266c",
    "updatedAt": "2017-07-03T06:25:15.164Z",
    "createdAt": "2017-07-03T06:25:15.164Z",
    "_asset": "5959e34adf833e1451a32661",
    "amount": 5,
    "__v": 0
  },
  {
    "_id": "5959e34bdf833e1451a3266a",
    "updatedAt": "2017-07-03T06:25:15.135Z",
    "createdAt": "2017-07-03T06:25:15.135Z",
    "_asset": "5959e34adf833e1451a32661",
    "amount": 4,
    "__v": 0
  },
  {
    "_id": "5959e34bdf833e1451a32668",
    "updatedAt": "2017-07-03T06:25:15.080Z",
    "createdAt": "2017-07-03T06:25:15.080Z",
    "_asset": "5959e34adf833e1451a32661",
    "amount": 3,
    "__v": 0
  },
  {
    "_id": "5959e34bdf833e1451a32666",
    "updatedAt": "2017-07-03T06:25:15.039Z",
    "createdAt": "2017-07-03T06:25:15.039Z",
    "_asset": "5959e34adf833e1451a32661",
    "amount": 2,
    "__v": 0
  },
  {
    "_id": "5959e34adf833e1451a32664",
    "updatedAt": "2017-07-03T06:25:15.009Z",
    "createdAt": "2017-07-03T06:25:15.009Z",
    "_asset": "5959e34adf833e1451a32661",
    "amount": 1,
    "__v": 0
  }
]
Mongoose: masters.find({}, { fields: { recent: 0 } })
Mongoose: transactions.aggregate([ { '$match': { _asset: { '$in': [ 5959e34adf833e1451a32661, 5959e34adf833e1451a32662 ] } } }, { '$sort': { _asset: 1, createdAt: -1 } }, { '$group': { _id: '$_asset', amount: { '$first': '$amount' }, createdAt: { '$first': '$createdAt' }, updatedAt: { '$first': '$updatedAt' }, did: { '$first': '$_id' } } }, { '$project': { _id: '$did', _asset: '$_id', amount: 1, createdAt: 1, updatedAt: 1 } } ], {})
[
  {
    "_id": "5959e34adf833e1451a32661",
    "__v": 0,
    "name": "One",
    "transactions": [
      {
        "amount": 10,
        "createdAt": "2017-07-03T06:25:15.282Z",
        "updatedAt": "2017-07-03T06:25:15.282Z",
        "_id": "5959e34bdf833e1451a32676",
        "_asset": "5959e34adf833e1451a32661"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "_id": "5959e34adf833e1451a32662",
    "__v": 0,
    "name": "Two",
    "transactions": [
      {
        "amount": 10,
        "createdAt": "2017-07-03T06:25:15.280Z",
        "updatedAt": "2017-07-03T06:25:15.280Z",
        "_id": "5959e34bdf833e1451a32675",
        "_asset": "5959e34adf833e1451a32662"
      }
    ]
  }
]

解決方案2
 4  2021-04-01 21:02:57

對於那些在 2021 年閱讀本文的人，從mongoose 5.12.3可以在模型中完成以下操作：

schema.virtual('transactions', {
    ref: 'transaction',
    localField: '_id',
    foreignField: '_asset',
    justOne: false,
    options: { sort: { 'createdAt': -1}, limit: 1},
})

然后在控制器中：

exports.getList = function (req, res) {
    Model
        .find({}, { __v: 0 })
        .populate({
            path: 'transactions',
        })
        .lean()
        .exec(function (err, model) {
            if (err)
                res.send(err);
            res.json(model);
        });
  }

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