Python 3.6 urllib TypeError：無法將字節連接到 str

Question

我正在嘗試使用 Python 3.6 中的 urllib 從 API 中提取一些 JSON 數據。 它需要傳遞標頭信息以進行授權。 這是我的代碼：

import urllib.request, json

headers = {"authorization" : "Bearer {authorization_token}"}

with urllib.request.urlopen("{api_url}", data=headers) as url:
   data = json.loads(url.read().decode())
   print(data)

我得到的錯誤信息是：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "getter.py", line 5, in <module>
with urllib.request.urlopen("{url}", data=headers) as url:
   File "AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\urllib\request.py", line 223, in urlopen
return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
  File "AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\urllib\request.py", line 526, in open
response = self._open(req, data)
  File "AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\urllib\request.py", line 544, in _open
'_open', req)
  File "AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\urllib\request.py", line 504, in _call_chain
result = func(*args)
  File "AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1361, in https_open
context=self._context, check_hostname=self._check_hostname)
  File "AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\urllib\request.py", line 1318, in do_open
encode_chunked=req.has_header('Transfer-encoding'))
  File "AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\http\client.py", line 1239, in request
self._send_request(method, url, body, headers, encode_chunked)
  File "AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\http\client.py", line 1285, in _send_request
self.endheaders(body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
  File "AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\http\client.py", line 1234, in endheaders
self._send_output(message_body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
  File "AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\http\client.py", line 1064, in _send_output
+ b'\r\n'
TypeError: can't concat bytes to str

Process finished with exit code 1

不太確定這里出了什么問題，我沒有輸入任何字節，所以我不確定為什么會收到錯誤消息，告訴我無法將字節連接到 str。

Answer 1

data參數應該是一個類似字節的對象。 您需要執行以下操作：

urllib.request.urlopen({api_url}, data=bytes(json.dumps(headers), encoding="utf-8"))