Python：列表由字典項組成，如果列表中的值也從列表中刪除鍵

Question

我有四季和幾個月的字典。

OPEN = {"march": ["spring"],"october": ["autumn"],"april": ["spring"],
  "january": ["winter"],"december": ["winter","christmast_holiday"],
  "september": ["autumn"],"july":"summer","summer_holidays"],
  "august": ["summer","summer_holidays"],"november": ["autumn"],
  "may": ["spring"],"june": ["summer"],"february": ["winter"]} 

我有一個程序向用戶詢問開放時間。 用戶可以在這里輸入季節，假日時間和月份，程序可以列出這些內容。 我的問題是，如果此列表中同時包含鍵和值，則該值過多。 因此，如果列表中同時包含夏季和6月，則6月過多。

因此，如果列表是這樣的：

open_time = [may, june, september, october, summer]

6月應刪除，因此應如下所示：

open_time = [may, september, october, summer]

我努力了：

    list = []
    for i in open_time:
        for key,value in OPEN:
            if value == OPEN[i]:
                list.append(v)
    open_time = open_time - list

應該怎么做？

Answer 1

如果描述該月份的季節已經在列表中，這聽起來像您要從列表中刪除一個月。 因為您想在給定季節的關鍵的情況下查找月份的值 ，所以一種有效的方法是反轉您擁有的字典，並使用set而不是list作為open_time ：

open_time = set(...)
SEASONS = {
    "winter": {"december", "january", "february"}, # Note: the value is a set
    "spring": {"march", "april", "may"},
    "summer": {"june", "july", "august"},
    "autumn": {"september", "october", "november"},
    "summer_holidays": {"july", "august"},
    "christmast_holidays": set(["december"]) # SIC from OP
}

for key, value in SEASONS:
    if key in open_time: # was the season specified in open_time?
        open_time -= value # then remove all months associated with that season

Answer 2

我不知道我是否能夠理解您想要的內容，但是這里有嘗試，並附有注釋以解釋我的嘗試。

OPEN = {"march": ["spring"],"october": ["autumn"],"april": ["spring"],
  "january": ["winter"],"december": ["winter","christmast_holiday"],
  "september": ["autumn"],"july":"summer",
  "august": ["summer","summer_holidays"],"november": ["autumn"],
  "may": ["spring"],"june": ["summer"],"february": ["winter"]} 

open_time = ["may", "june", "september", "october", "summer"]

for item in open_time:  # Loop through the open_time list (pretend item = "june")
  if item in OPEN:
    item = OPEN[item]
    if item[0] in open_time:  # Checks if the value of "june" is also in your list open_time
         open_time.remove(item[0])  # If the value is in the open_time list, remove it.
print(open_time)

Answer 3

我想出了以下代碼：

MAPPING = {
    "january": ["winter"],
    "february": ["winter"],
    "march": ["spring"],
    "april": ["spring"],
    "may": ["spring"],
    "june": ["summer"],
    "july": ["summer", "summer_holidays"],
    "august": ["summer", "summer_holidays"],
    "september": ["autumn"],
    "october": ["autumn"],
    "november": ["autumn"],
    "december": ["winter", "christmas_holiday"]
}


samples = {
    'sample1': {
        'open_time': ['may', 'september', 'october', 'summer']
    },
    'sample2': {
        'open_time': ['may', 'june', 'september', 'october', 'summer'],
    },
    'sample3': {
        'open_time': ['december', 'winter'],
    }
}


def remove_duplicates(open_times):
    months = [x for x in open_times if x in MAPPING]
    seasons = [x for x in open_times if x not in months]

    final = seasons[:]
    for month in months:
        season_already_present = False
        for season in seasons:
            if season in MAPPING[month]:
                season_already_present = True
                break

        if not season_already_present:
            final.append(month)

    return final


for sample_data in samples.values():
    sample_data['open_time'] = remove_duplicates(sample_data['open_time'])

Answer 4

如果我理解正確，您正在嘗試從字典中刪除鍵。 無需創建列表，只需在迭代時刪除鍵即可。

for i in open_time:
    for key,value in OPEN:
        if value == OPEN[i]:
            open_time.pop(v)