Arduino makefile無法編譯

Question

我正在嘗試使用Makefile編譯我的Arduino文件/項目。 但是我遇到了全局變量的問題。 它說沒有宣布。 我下載的makefile來自github： https ： //github.com/sudar/Arduino-Makefile 。

由於我沒有Arduino的經驗，我不明白可能是什么問題。

我的錯誤代碼：

    -------------------------
    Arduino.mk Configuration:
    - [AUTODETECTED] CURRENT_OS = LINUX
    - [COMPUTED] ARDMK_DIR = /usr/share/arduino (relative to Common.mk)
    - [USER] ARDUINO_DIR = /usr/share/arduino
    - [AUTODETECTED] ARDUINO_VERSION = 105
    - [DEFAULT] ARDUINO_SKETCHBOOK = /sketchbook
    - [BUNDLED] AVR_TOOLS_DIR = /usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avr (in Arduino distribution)
    - [COMPUTED] ARDUINO_LIB_PATH = /usr/share/arduino/libraries (from ARDUINO_DIR)
    - [DEFAULT] ARDUINO_CORE_PATH = /usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino
    - [COMPUTED] ARDUINO_VAR_PATH = /usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/variants (from ARDUINO_DIR)
    - [COMPUTED] BOARDS_TXT = /usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/boards.txt (from ARDUINO_DIR)
    - [DEFAULT] USER_LIB_PATH = /sketchbook/libraries (in user sketchbook)
    - [USER] BOARD_TAG = uno
    - [COMPUTED] OBJDIR = build-uno (from BOARD_TAG)
    - [ASSUMED] MONITOR_BAUDRATE = 9600
    - [DEFAULT] OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL = s
    - [DEFAULT] MCU_FLAG_NAME = mmcu
    - [DEFAULT] CFLAGS_STD = -std=gnu99
    - [AUTODETECTED] Size utility: AVR-aware for enhanced output
    -
    - ARDUINO_LIBS =
    - [SYSTEM] Wire
    - [SYSTEM] EEPROM
    - [SYSTEM] Esplora
    - [SYSTEM] Ethernet
    - [SYSTEM] Firmata
    - [SYSTEM] GSM
    - [SYSTEM] LiquidCrystal
    - [SYSTEM] Robot_Control
    - [SYSTEM] Robot_Motor
    - [SYSTEM] SD
    - [SYSTEM] Servo
    - [SYSTEM] SoftwareSerial
    - [SYSTEM] SPI
    - [SYSTEM] Stepper
    - [SYSTEM] TFT
    - [SYSTEM] WiFi
    - [SYSTEM] Wire
    - [SYSTEM] Wire/utility
    - [SYSTEM] Ethernet/utility
    - [SYSTEM] Robot_Control/utility
    - [SYSTEM] SD/utility
    - [SYSTEM] TFT/utility
    - [SYSTEM] WiFi/utility
    - [SYSTEM] Wire/utility
    - [COMPUTED] BOOTLOADER_PARENT = /usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/bootloaders (from ARDUINO_DIR)
    -------------------------
    /usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avr/bin/avr-g++ -MMD -c -mmcu=atmega328p -DF_CPU=16000000L -DARDUINO=105 -I. -I/usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino -I/usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/variants/standard -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/Wire -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/EEPROM -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/Esplora -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/Ethernet -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/Firmata -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/GSM -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/LiquidCrystal -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/Robot_Control -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/Robot_Motor -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/SD -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/Servo -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/SoftwareSerial -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/SPI -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/Stepper -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/TFT -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/WiFi -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/Wire -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/Wire/utility -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/Ethernet/utility -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/Robot_Control/utility -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/SD/utility -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/TFT/utility -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/WiFi/utility -I/usr/share/arduino/libraries/Wire/utility -Wall -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Os -fno-exceptions main.cpp -o build-uno/main.o
    main.cpp: In function 'void setup()':
    main.cpp:17:16: error: 'OUTPUT' was not declared in this scope
    pinMode(led, OUTPUT);
    ^
    main.cpp:17:22: error: 'pinMode' was not declared in this scope
    pinMode(led, OUTPUT);
    ^
    main.cpp: In function 'void loop()':
    main.cpp:23:30: error: 'analogWrite' was not declared in this scope
    analogWrite(led, brightness);
    ^
    main.cpp:33:11: error: 'delay' was not declared in this scope
    delay(30);
    ^
    make: *** [build-uno/main.o] Error 1

Answer 1

Arduino IDE做了一些“草圖預處理”（參見https://github.com/arduino/arduino-preprocessor#about-the-arduino-sketch-ino-preprocessing）Arduino-Makefile沒有。 換句話說，Arduino IDE修改你的sketch.ino，在嘗試編譯之前將其轉換為C ++，而Arduino-Makefile嘗試編譯它而不做任何更改。

因此，Arduino-Makefile無法編譯一些使用Arduino IDE編譯得很好的草圖。 手工執行這三個步驟通常可以解決問題：

1. 有很多源文件嗎？ 如果是，請將它們合並到一個文件中。
2. #include <Arduino.h>位於單個源文件的頂部？ 如果沒有，請添加它。
3. 是否在使用前聲明了所有功能？ 如果沒有，請添加前向聲明。

在您的情況下，看起來需要第2步（編譯錯誤消息中缺少的變量OUTPUT和missings函數在Arduino.h中聲明，請參閱https://github.com/arduino/Arduino/blob/master/hardware/ arduino / avr / cores / arduino / Arduino.h ）。

如果您打算繼續使用Arduino-Makefile，我建議您習慣這些類型的錯誤，因為您在Web上找到的大多數草圖僅使用Arduino IDE進行測試。 從好的方面來說，將它們轉換為C ++通常是微不足道的，而且很少耗費時間，因為Arduino草圖很少“大”。