逗號分隔數據庫字段中的值
[英]Comma separated values in a database field
問題描述
我有一張產品表。 該表中的每一行對應一個產品，並由唯一的Id標識。 現在每個產品可以有多個與該產品相關的“代碼”。 例如：
Id | Code ---------------------- 0001 | IN,ON,ME,OH 0002 | ON,VI,AC,ZO 0003 | QA,PS,OO,ME
我要做的是創建一個存儲過程，以便我可以傳入像“ON，ME”這樣的代碼，讓它返回包含“ON”或“ME”代碼的每個產品。 由於代碼以逗號分隔，我不知道如何拆分它們並搜索它們。 這只能使用TSQL嗎？
編輯：這是一個關鍵任務表。 我無權改變它。
11 個解決方案
解決方案1
11 2009-04-10 16:22:41
您應該將代碼存儲在單獨的表中，因為您有多對多的關系。 如果你將它們分開，那么你將很容易檢查。
可以使用您現在擁有的系統類型，但需要對列進行文本搜索，每行需要多次搜索才能工作，這會隨着數據的增長而出現巨大的性能問題。
如果您嘗試關閉當前路徑：您必須拆分輸入字符串，因為沒有什么能保證每條記錄上的代碼與輸入參數的順序相同（或連續）。 然后你必須做一個
Code LIKE '%IN%'
AND Code Like '%QA%'
查詢每個要檢查的代碼的附加語句。 非常低效。
下面的UDF想法也是一個好主意。 但是，根據您的數據大小以及查詢和更新的頻率，您可能也會遇到問題。
是否可以創建一個規范化的附加表，該表在計划的基礎上（或基於觸發器）進行同步以供您查詢？
解決方案2
8 2009-04-10 17:05:08
首先，讓我們使原始表變為這樣：
Id | Value
-----+------
0001 | IN
0001 | ME
0001 | OH
0001 | ON
0002 | AC
0002 | ON
0002 | VI
0002 | ZO
0003 | ME
0003 | OO
0003 | PS
0003 | QA
它通過將逗號分隔值解析為行來完成。 然后使用強大的CROSS APPLY關鍵字與原始表連接以檢索它的Id。 下一步就是查詢此CTE。
create function FnSplitToTable
(
@param nvarchar(4000)
)
returns table as
return
with
Num(Pos) as -- list of positions, numbered from 1 to 4000, largest nvarchar
(
select cast(1 as int)
union all
select cast(Pos + 1 as int) from Num where Pos < 4000
)
select substring(@Param, Pos,
charindex(',', @Param + ',', Pos) - Pos) as Value
from Num where Pos <= convert(int, len(@Param))
and substring(',' + @Param, Pos, 1) = ','
go
create proc ProcGetProductId
(
@Codes nvarchar(4000)
)
as
with
Src
(
Id,
Code
)
as
(
select '0001', 'IN,ON,ME,OH'
union all
select '0002', 'ON,VI,AC,ZO'
union all
select '0003', 'QA,PS,OO,ME'
),
Parse as
(
select
s.Id,
f.Value
from
Src as s
cross apply
FnSplitToTable(s.Code) as f
)
select distinct
p.Id
from
Parse as p
join
FnSplitToTable(@Codes) as f
on
p.Value = f.Value
option (maxrecursion 4000)
go
exec ProcGetProductId 'IN,ME' -- returns 0001 & 0003
解決方案3
7 2009-04-10 16:35:00
其他人似乎非常渴望告訴你，你不應該這樣做，雖然我沒有看到任何明確的解釋為什么不。
除了違反規范化規則之外，原因是您將對所有行進行表掃描，因為您不能在該列中的單個“值”上有索引。
簡單地說，數據庫引擎無法保留哪些行包含代碼“AC”的某種快速列表，除非您將其分解為單獨的表，或者將其單獨放入列中。
現在，如果您的SELECT語句中有其他條件將行數限制為某個可管理的數量，那么也許這樣就可以了，但是如果可以的話，我會盡量避免使用此解決方案並執行其他人的操作已經告訴過你，把它分成一個單獨的表。
現在，如果您堅持使用此設計，則可以使用以下類型的查詢進行搜索：
...
WHERE ',' + Code + ',' LIKE '%,AC,%'
這將：
- 匹配'ON，VI，AC，ZO'
- 不匹配'ON，VI，TAC，ZO'
我不知道在你的情況下最后一個是否是可行的選項，如果你只有2個字母的代碼，那么你可以使用這個：
...
WHERE Code LIKE '%AC%'
但同樣，除非您使用其他標准限制行數，否則這將執行得非常糟糕。
解決方案4
5 2009-04-10 16:25:26
雖然所有以前的海報都是關於數據庫模式規范化的正確的，但您可以使用“表值UDF”執行您想要的操作，該表獲取帶分隔符的字符串並返回一個表，每個值在字符串中有一行...您可以像使用存儲過程中的任何其他表一樣使用此表，加入它等...這將解決您的直接問題...
這是這樣一個UDF的鏈接： FN_Split UDF
雖然本文討論了如何使用它將數據值的分隔列表傳遞給存儲過程，但您可以使用相同的UDF對存儲在現有表的列中的分隔字符串進行操作....
解決方案5
4 2010-05-22 10:16:00
超過1年的問題，但仍然認為它會有用。 您可以使用MySql的FIND_IN_SET函數。 我不確定其他DBMS是否支持它。
您可以按如下方式使用此功能：
SELECT * FROM `table_name` WHERE FIND_IN_SET('AC', `Code`) > 0
解決方案6
4 2009-04-10 16:19:51
存儲數據的方式會破壞規范化規則。 每個字段中只應存儲一個原子值。 您應該將每個項目存儲在一行中。
解決方案7
0 2012-06-26 13:34:25
第1步：創建功能的代碼
<font face="Courier New" size="2">
<font color = "blue">CREATE</font> <font color = "blue">FUNCTION</font> <font color = "maroon">[dbo]</font><font color = "silver">.</font><font color = "#FF0080"><b>[Udflistofids]</b></font> <font color = "maroon">(</font>
<br/><font color = "green"><i>-- Add the parameters for the function here</i></font>
<br/><font color = "#8000FF">@ListOfIDs</font> <font color = "blue">AS</font> <font color = "black"><i>VARCHAR</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "maroon">max</font><font color = "maroon">)</font>
<br/><font color = "green"><i>--, @IDsSeperationChar as varchar(5) = ','</i></font>
<br/><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/><font color = "#8000FF">@UniqueID1</font> <font color = "black"><i>VARCHAR</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "black">250</font><font color = "maroon">)</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/><font color = "#8000FF">@UniqueID2</font> <font color = "black"><i>VARCHAR</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "black">250</font><font color = "maroon">)</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/><font color = "#8000FF">@UniqueID3</font> <font color = "black"><i>VARCHAR</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "black">250</font><font color = "maroon">)</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/><font color = "#8000FF">@UniqueID4</font> <font color = "black"><i>VARCHAR</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "black">250</font><font color = "maroon">)</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/><font color = "#8000FF">@UniqueID5</font> <font color = "black"><i>VARCHAR</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "black">250</font><font color = "maroon">)</font><font color = "maroon">)</font>
<br/><font color = "maroon">returns</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@TabListOfIDs</font> <font color = "blue">TABLE</font> <font color = "maroon">(</font>
<br/> <font color = "green"><i>-- Add the column definitions for the TABLE variable here</i></font>
<br/> <font color = "maroon">id</font> <font color = "black"><i>VARCHAR</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "black">50</font><font color = "maroon">)</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/> <font color = "maroon">uniqueid1</font> <font color = "black"><i>VARCHAR</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "black">250</font><font color = "maroon">)</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/> <font color = "maroon">uniqueid2</font> <font color = "black"><i>VARCHAR</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "black">250</font><font color = "maroon">)</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/> <font color = "maroon">uniqueid3</font> <font color = "black"><i>VARCHAR</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "black">250</font><font color = "maroon">)</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/> <font color = "maroon">uniqueid4</font> <font color = "black"><i>VARCHAR</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "black">250</font><font color = "maroon">)</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/> <font color = "maroon">uniqueid5</font> <font color = "black"><i>VARCHAR</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "black">250</font><font color = "maroon">)</font><font color = "maroon">)</font>
<br/><font color = "blue">AS</font>
<br/> <font color = "blue">BEGIN</font>
<br/> <font color = "green"><i>-- Fill the table variable with the rows for your result set</i></font>
<br/> <font color = "blue">DECLARE</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@Pos</font> <font color = "blue">AS</font> <font color = "black"><i>INT</i></font>
<br/> <font color = "blue">DECLARE</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@ID</font> <font color = "blue">AS</font> <font color = "black"><i>VARCHAR</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "black">50</font><font color = "maroon">)</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/> <font color = "#8000FF">@IDsSeperationChar</font> <font color = "blue">AS</font> <font color = "black"><i>VARCHAR</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "black">5</font><font color = "maroon">)</font> <font color = "silver">=</font> <font color = "red">','</font>
<br/>
<br/> <font color = "green"><i>--SET @ListOfIDs = REPLACE( @ListOfIDs, @IDsSeperationChar, ',')</i></font>
<br/> <font color = "blue">SET</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@ListOfIDs</font> <font color = "silver">=</font> <font color = "fuchsia"><i>Ltrim</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "fuchsia"><i>Rtrim</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "#8000FF">@ListOfIDs</font><font color = "maroon">)</font><font color = "maroon">)</font>
<br/> <font color = "silver">+</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@IDsSeperationChar</font>
<br/> <font color = "blue">SET</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@Pos</font> <font color = "silver">=</font> <font color = "fuchsia"><i>Patindex</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "red">'%'</font> <font color = "silver">+</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@IDsSeperationChar</font> <font color = "silver">+</font> <font color = "red">'%'</font><font color = "silver">,</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@ListOfIDs</font><font color = "maroon">)</font>
<br/>
<br/> <font color = "green"><i>--SET @Pos = CHARINDEX(@IDsSeperationChar, @ListOfIDs, 1)</i></font>
<br/> <font color = "blue">IF</font> <font color = "fuchsia"><i>Replace</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "#8000FF">@ListOfIDs</font><font color = "silver">,</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@IDsSeperationChar</font><font color = "silver">,</font> <font color = "red">''</font><font color = "maroon">)</font> <font color = "silver"><></font> <font color = "red">''</font>
<br/> <font color = "blue">BEGIN</font>
<br/> <font color = "blue">WHILE</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@Pos</font> <font color = "silver">></font> <font color = "black">0</font>
<br/> <font color = "blue">BEGIN</font>
<br/> <font color = "blue">SET</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@ID</font> <font color = "silver">=</font> <font color = "fuchsia"><i>Ltrim</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "fuchsia"><i>Rtrim</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "fuchsia"><i>LEFT</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "#8000FF">@ListOfIDs</font><font color = "silver">,</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@Pos</font> <font color = "silver">-</font> <font color = "black">1</font><font color = "maroon">)</font><font color = "maroon">)</font><font color = "maroon">)</font>
<br/>
<br/> <font color = "blue">IF</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@ID</font> <font color = "silver"><></font> <font color = "red">''</font>
<br/> <font color = "blue">BEGIN</font>
<br/> <font color = "blue">INSERT</font> <font color = "blue">INTO</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@TabListOfIDs</font>
<br/> <font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "maroon">id</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/> <font color = "maroon">uniqueid1</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/> <font color = "maroon">uniqueid2</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/> <font color = "maroon">uniqueid3</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/> <font color = "maroon">uniqueid4</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/> <font color = "maroon">uniqueid5</font><font color = "maroon">)</font>
<br/> <font color = "blue">VALUES</font> <font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "#8000FF">@ID</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/> <font color = "#8000FF">@UniqueID1</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/> <font color = "#8000FF">@UniqueID2</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/> <font color = "#8000FF">@UniqueID3</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/> <font color = "#8000FF">@UniqueID4</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/> <font color = "#8000FF">@UniqueID5</font><font color = "maroon">)</font> <font color = "green"><i>--Use Appropriate conversion</i></font>
<br/> <font color = "blue">END</font>
<br/>
<br/> <font color = "blue">SET</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@ListOfIDs</font> <font color = "silver">=</font> <font color = "fuchsia"><i>RIGHT</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "#8000FF">@ListOfIDs</font><font color = "silver">,</font> <font color = "fuchsia"><i>Len</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "#8000FF">@ListOfIDs</font><font color = "maroon">)</font> <font color = "silver">-</font>
<br/> <font color = "fuchsia"><i>Len</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "#8000FF">@ID</font> <font color = "silver">+</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@IDsSeperationChar</font><font color = "maroon">)</font>
<br/> <font color = "maroon">)</font>
<br/> <font color = "blue">SET</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@Pos</font> <font color = "silver">=</font> <font color = "fuchsia"><i>Patindex</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "red">'%'</font> <font color = "silver">+</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@IDsSeperationChar</font> <font color = "silver">+</font> <font color = "red">'%'</font><font color = "silver">,</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@ListOfIDs</font>
<br/> <font color = "maroon">)</font>
<br/> <font color = "green"><i>--SET @Pos = CHARINDEX(@IDsSeperationChar, @ListOfIDs, 1)</i></font>
<br/> <font color = "blue">END</font>
<br/> <font color = "blue">END</font>
<br/>
<br/> <font color = "blue">RETURN</font>
<br/> <font color = "blue">END</font>
<br/>
<br/><font color = "maroon">go</font>
</font>
**2nd Step : Code to get the result**
<font face="Courier New" size="2">
<font color = "blue">DECLARE</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@udvMax</font> <font color = "black"><i>NVARCHAR</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "maroon">max</font><font color = "maroon">)</font>
<br/>
<br/><font color = "blue">SELECT</font> <font color = "#8000FF">@udvMax</font> <font color = "silver">=</font> <font color = "red">''</font> <font color = "silver">+</font> <font color = "fuchsia"><i>Substring</i></font><font color = "maroon">(</font> <font color = "maroon">(</font> <font color = "blue">SELECT</font> <font color = "red">' Union '</font> <font color = "silver">+</font>
<br/> <font color = "red">'Select * from dbo.udfListOfIDs('''</font> <font color = "silver">+</font>
<br/> <font color = "maroon">tmpu</font><font color = "silver">.</font><font color = "maroon">code</font> <font color = "silver">+</font> <font color = "red">''', '''</font> <font color = "silver">+</font> <font color = "maroon">tmpu</font><font color = "silver">.</font><font color = "maroon">id</font> <font color = "silver">+</font> <font color = "red">''', '''</font> <font color = "silver">+</font> <font color = "maroon">tmpu</font><font color = "silver">.</font><font color = "maroon">code</font> <font color = "silver">+</font>
<br/> <font color = "red">''', null,null,null )'</font> <font color = "blue">FROM</font> <font color = "maroon">tmpu</font> <font color = "blue">FOR</font> <font color = "maroon">xml</font> <font color = "maroon">path</font><font color = "maroon">(</font><font color = "red">''</font><font color = "maroon">)</font><font color = "maroon">)</font><font color = "silver">,</font> <font color = "black">7</font><font color = "silver">,</font>
<br/> <font color = "black">200000</font><font color = "maroon">)</font>
<br/> <font color = "silver">+</font>
<br/> <font color = "red">' Order by UniqueID1, UniqueID2, UniqueID3, UniqueID4, UniqueID5, ID'</font>
<br/>
<br/><font color = "green"><i>--Select @udvMax</i></font>
<br/><font color = "blue">EXECUTE</font> <font color = "#FF0080"><b>Sp_executesql</b></font>
<br/> <font color = "#8000FF">@udvMax</font>
</font>
****可能你可能需要在第二步的select語句中添加你的標准。**
希望這會幫助你。
J.P
解決方案8
0 2012-10-12 18:16:39
雖然在你的情況下簡單的LIKE會起作用，但這里是解決方法如何解析逗號分隔的字符串表規范化（將逗號分隔的字段分解為單個記錄） 。
解決方案9
0 2014-09-23 09:04:27
如果你想用php和mysql做它可以是任意數量的關鍵字沒有限制
$var = explode(',',"ahmad,sayeed,asmal,babu");
$query = "SELECT * FROM post WHERE post_tags LIKE '%a%' ";
$query1=NULL;
foreach($var as $value)
{
$query1.= " OR post_tags LIKE '%$value%' ";
}
echo "$query $query1";
OUTPUT：
SELECT * FROM post WHERE post_tags LIKE'％a％'或post_tags LIKE'％ahmad％'或post_tags LIKE'％sayeed％'或post_tags LIKE'％asmal％'或post_tags LIKE'％babu％'
解決方案10
0 2009-04-10 16:19:52
如果您堅持使用該數據庫設計，這可能是不可能的，但將代碼放入另一個表中的單獨記錄會容易得多：
ProductCode
-----------
ProductID (FK to Product.ID)
Code (varchar)
該表可能如下所示：
ProductID Code
-----------------
0001 IN
0001 ON
0001 ME
...
查詢看起來像這樣（你必須以某種方式傳遞代碼 - 作為單獨的變量，或者你在proc中分割的逗號分隔的字符串）：
select ProductID
from ProductCode
where Code in ('ON', 'ME')
解決方案11
0 2009-04-21 10:38:26
我同意這里的其他海報，你應該仔細研究模式規范化，但我也知道快捷方式是生活的一部分。
這是一個用Sybase方言編寫的示例函數，它可以完成您的操作：
ALTER FUNCTION "DBA"."f_IsInStringList"( IN @thisItem char(2), IN @thisList varchar(4000) )
RETURNS INTEGER
DETERMINISTIC
BEGIN
DECLARE is_member bit;
DECLARE LOCAL TEMPORARY TABLE tmp (thisItem char(2)) ;
DECLARE @tempstring varchar(10);
DECLARE @count integer;
IF LENGTH(TRIM(@thisList)) > 0 THEN
WHILE LENGTH(TRIM(@thisList)) > 0 LOOP
-- loop over comma-separated list and stuff members into temp table
IF LOCATE ( @thisList, ',' , 1) > 0 THEN
SET @count = LOCATE ( @thisList, ',' , 1);
SET @tempstring = SUBSTRING ( @thisList, 1,@count-1 );
INSERT INTO tmp ( thisItem ) VALUES ( @tempstring );
SET @thisList = STUFF ( @thisList, 1, @count, '' )
ELSE
INSERT INTO tmp ( thisItem ) VALUES ( @thisList );
SET @thisList = NULL;
END IF;
END LOOP ;
END IF;
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM tmp WHERE thisItem = @thisItem ) THEN
SET is_member = 1;
ELSE
SET is_member = 0 ;
END IF ;
RETURN is_member;
END
然后，您可以構建一個簡單查詢來檢查以逗號分隔的字符串中是否出現值：
select * from some_table t
WHERE f_IsInStringList('OR', t.your_comma_separated_column) = 1 OR
f_IsInStringList('ME', t.your_comma_separated_column) = 1
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查詢以分隔，然后計算PostgreSQL中逗號分隔值的字段
[英]Query to separate, then count a field of comma separated values in postgresql
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