使用PyCharm導入模塊時出現錯誤，而使用Jupyter Notebook時不會發生錯誤

Question

對於項目，我需要從可變數據源導入DICOM文件。 我將在PyCharm中從事該項目，因為我最終將迭代代碼，最終產品將是程序。 我得到的錯誤如下：

---

2017-10-10 08：58：16.307 Python [1010：26876]-[NSApplication _setup：]：無法識別的選擇器已發送到實例0x105154320

2017-10-10 08：58：16.311 Python [1010：26876] ***由於未捕獲的異常'NSInvalidArgumentException'而終止應用程序，原因：'-[NSApplication _setup：]：無法識別的選擇器已發送至實例0x105154320'

***首先拋出調用堆棧：

（

0   CoreFoundation                      0x00007fff9e92757b __exceptionPreprocess + 171
1   libobjc.A.dylib                     0x00007fffb3b801da objc_exception_throw + 48
2   CoreFoundation                      0x00007fff9e9a7f14 -[NSObject(NSObject) doesNotRecognizeSelector:] + 132
3   CoreFoundation                      0x00007fff9e89ac93 ___forwarding___ + 1059
4   CoreFoundation                      0x00007fff9e89a7e8 _CF_forwarding_prep_0 + 120
5   Tk                                  0x000000010438cc02 TkpInit + 471
6   Tk                                  0x00000001043082a9 Tk_Init + 1794
7   _tkinter.cpython-36m-darwin.so      0x00000001041e0dfd Tcl_AppInit + 77
8   _tkinter.cpython-36m-darwin.so      0x00000001041de849 _tkinter_create + 889
9   Python                              0x000000010006a7b8 _PyCFunction_FastCallDict + 552
10  Python                              0x00000001000f4164 call_function + 612
11  Python                              0x00000001000f5b74 _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault + 5604
12  Python                              0x00000001000f3500 _PyEval_EvalCodeWithName + 2720
13  Python                              0x00000001000f43c7 _PyFunction_FastCallDict + 439
14  Python                              0x000000010000ea54 _PyObject_FastCallDict + 356
15  Python                              0x000000010000f120 _PyObject_Call_Prepend + 208
16  Python                              0x000000010000e443 PyObject_Call + 99
17  Python                              0x0000000100089af1 slot_tp_init + 81
18  Python                              0x00000001000802b4 type_call + 212
19  Python                              0x000000010000e9a4 _PyObject_FastCallDict + 180
20  Python                              0x00000001000f3fa5 call_function + 165
21  Python                              0x00000001000f5b74 _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault + 5604
22  Python                              0x00000001000f3eae fast_function + 606
23  Python                              0x00000001000f414b call_function + 587
24  Python                              0x00000001000f5b74 _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault + 5604
25  Python                              0x00000001000f3500 _PyEval_EvalCodeWithName + 2720
26  Python                              0x00000001000f3d2b fast_function + 219
27  Python                              0x00000001000f414b call_function + 587
28  Python                              0x00000001000f5b74 _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault + 5604
29  Python                              0x00000001000f3500 _PyEval_EvalCodeWithName + 2720
30  Python                              0x00000001000f43c7 _PyFunction_FastCallDict + 439
31  Python                              0x000000010000ea54 _PyObject_FastCallDict + 356
32  Python                              0x000000010000f120 _PyObject_Call_Prepend + 208
33  Python                              0x000000010000e443 PyObject_Call + 99
34  Python                              0x0000000100089af1 slot_tp_init + 81
35  Python                              0x00000001000802b4 type_call + 212
36  Python                              0x000000010000e9a4 _PyObject_FastCallDict + 180
37  Python                              0x00000001000f3fa5 call_function + 165
38  Python                              0x00000001000f5b74 _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault + 5604
39  Python                              0x00000001000f3500 _PyEval_EvalCodeWithName + 2720
40  Python                              0x00000001000f3d2b fast_function + 219
41  Python                              0x00000001000f414b call_function + 587
42  Python                              0x00000001000f5b74 _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault + 5604
43  Python                              0x00000001000f3500 _PyEval_EvalCodeWithName + 2720
44  Python                              0x00000001000f3d2b fast_function + 219
45  Python                              0x00000001000f414b call_function + 587
46  Python                              0x00000001000f5b74 _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault + 5604
47  Python                              0x00000001000f3500 _PyEval_EvalCodeWithName + 2720
48  Python                              0x00000001000f36a4 PyEval_EvalCode + 100
49  Python                              0x000000010013000e PyRun_FileExFlags + 206
50  Python                              0x00000001001302af PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags + 447
51  Python                              0x0000000100149b3a Py_Main + 3914
52  Python                              0x0000000100000dfe Python + 3582
53  Python                              0x0000000100000c34 Python + 3124
54  ???                                 0x0000000000000002 0x0 + 2

）libc ++ abi.dylib：以類型為NSException的未捕獲異常終止

退出代碼為134的過程結束（被信號6：SIGABRT中斷）

---

給我錯誤的代碼如下：

import pydicom
from tkinter import filedialog
from matplotlib import pylab

"""Get fileName"""
#from tkinter import filedialog
filename = filedialog.askopenfilename()

"""Import DICOM File"""
#import pydicom
df = pydicom.read_file(filename)
dim = df.pixel_array

"""Show DICOM Image"""
#from matplotlib import pylab
pylab.imshow(dim, cmap="gray")
pylab.show()

---

當作為jupyter筆記本文件運行時，或者當導入位於注釋行時，此確切的代碼不會產生相同的錯誤。

我不知道為什么會這樣，我希望您可能知道為什么我會收到此錯誤。 我想將模塊導入放在腳本的頂部，因為，很整潔。

提前致謝！

Answer 1

我認為這與matplotlib TkAgg后端有關。 對於matplotlib庫嘗試以下操作

import matplotlib
matplotlib.use("TkAgg")
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt